Linux学习4 yum仓库 编译安装 sed基本用法

目录

         1、yum配置多个网络源

2、yum配置本地局域网私有源仓库

3、编译安装http2.4版本

3、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头,后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符

5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名

6、列出ubuntu软件管理工具apt的一些用法

7、ubuntu建议安装的常用包


1、yum配置多个网络源

a、首先切换到/etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@Centos8 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo          CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo
CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo             CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo  CentOS-Linux-Media.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo          CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo              CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo             CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo

[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak

[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo ./bak/
[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# ls
bak
[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# vi base.repo

[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
#baseurl=file:///misc/cd/BaseOS
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=0

[AppStream]
name=AppStream
#baseurl=file:///misc/cd/AppStream
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=0


[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1


[epel]
name=EPEL
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://repo.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1


[PowerTools]
name=CentOS - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyum.com
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1


输入完毕之后,按ESC键,输入英文冒号: 再输入小写wq 在按enter回车即可保存

enabled=1 #开机自启

gpgcheck=0 #是否检测 0不检测 1检测

yum clean all && yum makecache #清理缓存并重新建立元数据

yum list #查看列表,如果出现红色的说明有问题

b、神奇的光盘挂载目录:

[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# rpm -q autofs
autofs-5.1.4-74.el8.x86_64
[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y autofs
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
AppStream                                             17 kB/s | 4.3 kB     00:00    
extras                                               351  B/s | 1.5 kB     00:04    
extras                                               6.2 kB/s |  10 kB     00:01    
EPEL                                                 8.5 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:00    
EPEL                                                  14 MB/s |  12 MB     00:00    
rpmCentOS - PowerTools - m     [            ===       ] ---  B/s |   0  B     --:-- ECentOS - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyum.com              14 kB/s | 4.3 kB     00:00    
Package autofs-1:5.1.4-74.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable --now autofs
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/autofs.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service.
[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# ls /misc/cd/BaseOS/
Packages  repodata

c、centos最小化安装后常用软件:

yum -y install lrzsz tree screen tmux man-pages strace redhat-lsb-core nano vim

[root@Centos8mini ~]# yum -y install lrzsz tree screen tmux man-pages strace redhat-lsb-core nano vim
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
BaseOS                                                                                     1.3 MB/s | 4.6 MB     00:03    
AppStream                                                                                   12 MB/s | 8.4 MB     00:00    
extras                                                                                      20 kB/s |  10 kB     00:00    
EPEL                                                                                        15 MB/s |  12 MB     00:00    
CentOS - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyum.com                                                   3.1 MB/s | 2.3 MB     00:00    
Dependencies resolved.
===========================================================================================================================
 Package                                 Architecture        Version                          Repository              Size
===========================================================================================================================
Installing:
 lrzsz                                   x86_64              0.12.20-43.el8                   BaseOS                  84 k
 man-pages                               x86_64              4.15-6.el8                       BaseOS                 5.9 M
 nano                                    x86_64              2.9.8-1.el8                      BaseOS                 581 k
 redhat-lsb-core                         x86_64              4.1-47.el8                       AppStream               46 k
 screen                                  x86_64              4.6.2-12.el8                     epel                   581 k
 strace                                  x86_64              5.7-3.el8                        BaseOS                 1.1 M
 tmux                                    x86_64              2.7-1.el8                        BaseOS                 317 k
 tree                                    x86_64              1.7.0-15.el8                     BaseOS                  59 k
 vim-enhanced                            x86_64              2:8.0.1763-16.el8                AppStream              1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 at                                      x86_64              3.1.20-11.el8                    BaseOS                  81 k
 avahi-libs                              x86_64              0.7-20.el8                       BaseOS                  62 k
 bc                                      x86_64              1.07.1-5.el8                     BaseOS                 129 k
 binutils                                x86_64              2.30-108.el8_5.1                 BaseOS                 5.8 M
 cups-client                             x86_64              1:2.2.6-40.el8                   AppStream              169 k
 cups-libs                               x86_64              1:2.2.6-40.el8                   BaseOS                 433 k
 ed                                      x86_64              1.14.2-4.el8                     BaseOS                  82 k
 esmtp                                   x86_64              1.2-15.el8                       epel                    57 k
 gpm-libs                                x86_64              1.20.7-17.el8                    AppStream               39 k
 libesmtp                                x86_64              1.0.6-18.el8                     epel                    70 k
 liblockfile                             x86_64              1.14-1.el8                       AppStream               32 k
 m4                                      x86_64              1.4.18-7.el8                     BaseOS                 223 k
 mailx                                   x86_64              12.5-29.el8                      BaseOS                 257 k
 make                                    x86_64              1:4.2.1-10.el8                   BaseOS                 498 k
 ncurses-compat-libs                     x86_64              6.1-9.20180224.el8               BaseOS                 328 k
 nspr                                    x86_64              4.32.0-1.el8_4                   AppStream              142 k
 nss                                     x86_64              3.67.0-7.el8_5                   AppStream              741 k
 nss-softokn                             x86_64              3.67.0-7.el8_5                   AppStream              487 k
 nss-softokn-freebl                      x86_64              3.67.0-7.el8_5                   AppStream              395 k
 nss-sysinit                             x86_64              3.67.0-7.el8_5                   AppStream               73 k
 nss-util                                x86_64              3.67.0-7.el8_5                   AppStream              137 k
 patch                                   x86_64              2.7.6-11.el8                     BaseOS                 138 k
 psmisc                                  x86_64              23.1-5.el8                       BaseOS                 151 k
 redhat-lsb-submod-security              x86_64              4.1-47.el8                       AppStream               22 k
 spax                                    x86_64              1.5.3-13.el8                     BaseOS                 217 k
 time                                    x86_64              1.9-3.el8                        BaseOS                  54 k
 util-linux-user                         x86_64              2.32.1-28.el8                    BaseOS                 100 k
 vim-common                              x86_64              2:8.0.1763-16.el8                AppStream              6.3 M
 vim-filesystem                          noarch              2:8.0.1763-16.el8                AppStream               49 k
Installing weak dependencies:
 man-pages-overrides                     noarch              8.5.0.1-1.el8                    AppStream               98 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================
Install  39 Packages

Total download size: 27 M
Installed size: 78 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/39): bc-1.07.1-5.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                         434 kB/s | 129 kB     00:00    
(2/39): at-3.1.20-11.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                        272 kB/s |  81 kB     00:00    
(3/39): avahi-libs-0.7-20.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                   205 kB/s |  62 kB     00:00    
(4/39): cups-libs-2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                  2.8 MB/s | 433 kB     00:00    
(5/39): ed-1.14.2-4.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                         454 kB/s |  82 kB     00:00    
(6/39): lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                    979 kB/s |  84 kB     00:00    
(7/39): m4-1.4.18-7.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                         1.7 MB/s | 223 kB     00:00    
(8/39): binutils-2.30-108.el8_5.1.x86_64.rpm                                                17 MB/s | 5.8 MB     00:00    
(9/39): mailx-12.5-29.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                       2.2 MB/s | 257 kB     00:00    
(10/39): make-4.2.1-10.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                      4.4 MB/s | 498 kB     00:00    
(11/39): nano-2.9.8-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                       4.0 MB/s | 581 kB     00:00    
(12/39): ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64.rpm                                 3.2 MB/s | 328 kB     00:00    
(13/39): patch-2.7.6-11.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                     1.4 MB/s | 138 kB     00:00    
(14/39): psmisc-23.1-5.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                      1.5 MB/s | 151 kB     00:00    
(15/39): man-pages-4.15-6.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                    15 MB/s | 5.9 MB     00:00    
(16/39): spax-1.5.3-13.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                      1.2 MB/s | 217 kB     00:00    
(17/39): strace-5.7-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                       7.5 MB/s | 1.1 MB     00:00    
(18/39): time-1.9-3.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                         530 kB/s |  54 kB     00:00    
(19/39): tmux-2.7-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                         3.0 MB/s | 317 kB     00:00    
(20/39): tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                      468 kB/s |  59 kB     00:00    
(21/39): cups-client-2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64.rpm                                               2.5 MB/s | 169 kB     00:00    
(22/39): util-linux-user-2.32.1-28.el8.x86_64.rpm                                          1.0 MB/s | 100 kB     00:00    
(23/39): gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                 445 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00    
(24/39): man-pages-overrides-8.5.0.1-1.el8.noarch.rpm                                      2.4 MB/s |  98 kB     00:00    
(25/39): liblockfile-1.14-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                 389 kB/s |  32 kB     00:00    
(26/39): nspr-4.32.0-1.el8_4.x86_64.rpm                                                    3.1 MB/s | 142 kB     00:00    
(27/39): nss-softokn-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64.rpm                                             9.5 MB/s | 487 kB     00:00    
(28/39): nss-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64.rpm                                                      10 MB/s | 741 kB     00:00    
(29/39): nss-softokn-freebl-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64.rpm                                      8.1 MB/s | 395 kB     00:00    
(30/39): nss-util-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64.rpm                                                3.2 MB/s | 137 kB     00:00    
(31/39): nss-sysinit-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64.rpm                                             1.3 MB/s |  73 kB     00:00    
(32/39): redhat-lsb-core-4.1-47.el8.x86_64.rpm                                             387 kB/s |  46 kB     00:00    
(33/39): redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-47.el8.x86_64.rpm                                  225 kB/s |  22 kB     00:00    
(34/39): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-16.el8.noarch.rpm                                         898 kB/s |  49 kB     00:00    
(35/39): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64.rpm                                           9.9 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00    
(36/39): esmtp-1.2-15.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                       727 kB/s |  57 kB     00:00    
(37/39): screen-4.6.2-12.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                    4.8 MB/s | 581 kB     00:00    
(38/39): libesmtp-1.0.6-18.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                  476 kB/s |  70 kB     00:00    
(39/39): vim-common-8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64.rpm                                              15 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:00    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                       15 MB/s |  27 MB     00:01     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                   1/1 
  Installing       : nspr-4.32.0-1.el8_4.x86_64                                                                       1/39 
  Running scriptlet: nspr-4.32.0-1.el8_4.x86_64                                                                       1/39 
  Installing       : nss-util-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                                   2/39 
  Installing       : avahi-libs-0.7-20.el8.x86_64                                                                     3/39 
  Installing       : cups-libs-1:2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64                                                                  4/39 
  Installing       : cups-client-1:2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64                                                                5/39 
  Running scriptlet: cups-client-1:2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64                                                                5/39 
  Installing       : nss-softokn-freebl-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                         6/39 
  Installing       : nss-softokn-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                                7/39 
  Installing       : nss-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                                        8/39 
  Installing       : nss-sysinit-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                                9/39 
  Installing       : redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-47.el8.x86_64                                                    10/39 
  Installing       : libesmtp-1.0.6-18.el8.x86_64                                                                    11/39 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.noarch                                                         12/39 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                                                             13/39 
  Installing       : man-pages-overrides-8.5.0.1-1.el8.noarch                                                        14/39 
  Installing       : liblockfile-1.14-1.el8.x86_64                                                                   15/39 
  Running scriptlet: liblockfile-1.14-1.el8.x86_64                                                                   15/39 
  Installing       : esmtp-1.2-15.el8.x86_64                                                                         16/39 
  Running scriptlet: esmtp-1.2-15.el8.x86_64                                                                         16/39 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                                                                   17/39 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                                                                   17/39 
  Installing       : util-linux-user-2.32.1-28.el8.x86_64                                                            18/39 
  Installing       : time-1.9-3.el8.x86_64                                                                           19/39 
  Running scriptlet: time-1.9-3.el8.x86_64                                                                           19/39 
  Installing       : spax-1.5.3-13.el8.x86_64                                                                        20/39 
  Running scriptlet: spax-1.5.3-13.el8.x86_64                                                                        20/39 
  Installing       : psmisc-23.1-5.el8.x86_64                                                                        21/39 
  Installing       : patch-2.7.6-11.el8.x86_64                                                                       22/39 
  Installing       : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64                                                   23/39 
  Installing       : make-1:4.2.1-10.el8.x86_64                                                                      24/39 
  Running scriptlet: make-1:4.2.1-10.el8.x86_64                                                                      24/39 
  Installing       : mailx-12.5-29.el8.x86_64                                                                        25/39 
  Installing       : m4-1.4.18-7.el8.x86_64                                                                          26/39 
  Running scriptlet: m4-1.4.18-7.el8.x86_64                                                                          26/39 
  Installing       : ed-1.14.2-4.el8.x86_64                                                                          27/39 
  Running scriptlet: ed-1.14.2-4.el8.x86_64                                                                          27/39 
  Installing       : binutils-2.30-108.el8_5.1.x86_64                                                                28/39 
  Running scriptlet: binutils-2.30-108.el8_5.1.x86_64                                                                28/39 
  Installing       : bc-1.07.1-5.el8.x86_64                                                                          29/39 
  Running scriptlet: bc-1.07.1-5.el8.x86_64                                                                          29/39 
  Installing       : at-3.1.20-11.el8.x86_64                                                                         30/39 
  Running scriptlet: at-3.1.20-11.el8.x86_64                                                                         30/39 
  Installing       : redhat-lsb-core-4.1-47.el8.x86_64                                                               31/39 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                                                           32/39 
  Installing       : man-pages-4.15-6.el8.x86_64                                                                     33/39 
  Running scriptlet: screen-4.6.2-12.el8.x86_64                                                                      34/39 
  Installing       : screen-4.6.2-12.el8.x86_64                                                                      34/39 
  Installing       : tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64                                                                        35/39 
  Installing       : tmux-2.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                                           36/39 
  Running scriptlet: tmux-2.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                                           36/39 
  Installing       : strace-5.7-3.el8.x86_64                                                                         37/39 
  Installing       : nano-2.9.8-1.el8.x86_64                                                                         38/39 
  Running scriptlet: nano-2.9.8-1.el8.x86_64                                                                         38/39 
  Installing       : lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64                                                                     39/39 
  Running scriptlet: nss-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                                       39/39 
  Running scriptlet: lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64                                                                     39/39 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                                                             39/39 
  Verifying        : at-3.1.20-11.el8.x86_64                                                                          1/39 
  Verifying        : avahi-libs-0.7-20.el8.x86_64                                                                     2/39 
  Verifying        : bc-1.07.1-5.el8.x86_64                                                                           3/39 
  Verifying        : binutils-2.30-108.el8_5.1.x86_64                                                                 4/39 
  Verifying        : cups-libs-1:2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64                                                                  5/39 
  Verifying        : ed-1.14.2-4.el8.x86_64                                                                           6/39 
  Verifying        : lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64                                                                      7/39 
  Verifying        : m4-1.4.18-7.el8.x86_64                                                                           8/39 
  Verifying        : mailx-12.5-29.el8.x86_64                                                                         9/39 
  Verifying        : make-1:4.2.1-10.el8.x86_64                                                                      10/39 
  Verifying        : man-pages-4.15-6.el8.x86_64                                                                     11/39 
  Verifying        : nano-2.9.8-1.el8.x86_64                                                                         12/39 
  Verifying        : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64                                                   13/39 
  Verifying        : patch-2.7.6-11.el8.x86_64                                                                       14/39 
  Verifying        : psmisc-23.1-5.el8.x86_64                                                                        15/39 
  Verifying        : spax-1.5.3-13.el8.x86_64                                                                        16/39 
  Verifying        : strace-5.7-3.el8.x86_64                                                                         17/39 
  Verifying        : time-1.9-3.el8.x86_64                                                                           18/39 
  Verifying        : tmux-2.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                                           19/39 
  Verifying        : tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64                                                                        20/39 
  Verifying        : util-linux-user-2.32.1-28.el8.x86_64                                                            21/39 
  Verifying        : cups-client-1:2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64                                                               22/39 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                                                                   23/39 
  Verifying        : liblockfile-1.14-1.el8.x86_64                                                                   24/39 
  Verifying        : man-pages-overrides-8.5.0.1-1.el8.noarch                                                        25/39 
  Verifying        : nspr-4.32.0-1.el8_4.x86_64                                                                      26/39 
  Verifying        : nss-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                                       27/39 
  Verifying        : nss-softokn-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                               28/39 
  Verifying        : nss-softokn-freebl-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                        29/39 
  Verifying        : nss-sysinit-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                               30/39 
  Verifying        : nss-util-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                                                  31/39 
  Verifying        : redhat-lsb-core-4.1-47.el8.x86_64                                                               32/39 
  Verifying        : redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-47.el8.x86_64                                                    33/39 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                                                             34/39 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                                                           35/39 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.noarch                                                         36/39 
  Verifying        : esmtp-1.2-15.el8.x86_64                                                                         37/39 
  Verifying        : libesmtp-1.0.6-18.el8.x86_64                                                                    38/39 
  Verifying        : screen-4.6.2-12.el8.x86_64                                                                      39/39 

Installed:
  at-3.1.20-11.el8.x86_64                                          avahi-libs-0.7-20.el8.x86_64                            
  bc-1.07.1-5.el8.x86_64                                           binutils-2.30-108.el8_5.1.x86_64                        
  cups-client-1:2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64                                cups-libs-1:2.2.6-40.el8.x86_64                         
  ed-1.14.2-4.el8.x86_64                                           esmtp-1.2-15.el8.x86_64                                 
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                                    libesmtp-1.0.6-18.el8.x86_64                            
  liblockfile-1.14-1.el8.x86_64                                    lrzsz-0.12.20-43.el8.x86_64                             
  m4-1.4.18-7.el8.x86_64                                           mailx-12.5-29.el8.x86_64                                
  make-1:4.2.1-10.el8.x86_64                                       man-pages-4.15-6.el8.x86_64                             
  man-pages-overrides-8.5.0.1-1.el8.noarch                         nano-2.9.8-1.el8.x86_64                                 
  ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64                    nspr-4.32.0-1.el8_4.x86_64                              
  nss-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                        nss-softokn-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                       
  nss-softokn-freebl-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                         nss-sysinit-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                       
  nss-util-3.67.0-7.el8_5.x86_64                                   patch-2.7.6-11.el8.x86_64                               
  psmisc-23.1-5.el8.x86_64                                         redhat-lsb-core-4.1-47.el8.x86_64                       
  redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-47.el8.x86_64                     screen-4.6.2-12.el8.x86_64                              
  spax-1.5.3-13.el8.x86_64                                         strace-5.7-3.el8.x86_64                                 
  time-1.9-3.el8.x86_64                                            tmux-2.7-1.el8.x86_64                                   
  tree-1.7.0-15.el8.x86_64                                         util-linux-user-2.32.1-28.el8.x86_64                    
  vim-common-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                              vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.x86_64                   
  vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-16.el8.noarch                         

Complete!


d、邮箱邮件配置:

yum -y install postfix mailx
systemctl enable --now postfix

[root@Centos8mini ~]# yum -y install postfix mailx
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:01 ago on Fri Jul 22 23:38:34 2022.
Package mailx-12.5-29.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
===========================================================================================================================
 Package                     Architecture               Version                           Repository                  Size
===========================================================================================================================
Installing:
 postfix                     x86_64                     2:3.5.8-2.el8                     BaseOS                     1.5 M
Installing dependencies:
 libicu                      x86_64                     60.3-2.el8_1                      BaseOS                     8.8 M

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages

Total download size: 10 M
Installed size: 36 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): postfix-3.5.8-2.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                      3.1 MB/s | 1.5 MB     00:00    
(2/2): libicu-60.3-2.el8_1.x86_64.rpm                                                       14 MB/s | 8.8 MB     00:00    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                       17 MB/s |  10 MB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                   1/1 
  Installing       : libicu-60.3-2.el8_1.x86_64                                                                        1/2 
  Running scriptlet: libicu-60.3-2.el8_1.x86_64                                                                        1/2 
  Running scriptlet: postfix-2:3.5.8-2.el8.x86_64                                                                      2/2 
  Installing       : postfix-2:3.5.8-2.el8.x86_64                                                                      2/2 
  Running scriptlet: postfix-2:3.5.8-2.el8.x86_64                                                                      2/2 
  Verifying        : libicu-60.3-2.el8_1.x86_64                                                                        1/2 
  Verifying        : postfix-2:3.5.8-2.el8.x86_64                                                                      2/2 

Installed:
  libicu-60.3-2.el8_1.x86_64                                  postfix-2:3.5.8-2.el8.x86_64                                 

Complete!
[root@Centos8mini ~]# systemctl enable --now postfix
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.

2、yum配置本地局域网私有源仓库

a、先安装http

yum -y install httpd

systemctl enable --now httpd

[root@Centos8mini ~]# yum -y install httpd

[root@Centos8mini ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.

网站即可在本地浏览器访问ip了

Linux学习4 yum仓库 编译安装 sed基本用法_第1张图片

 接下来进入网站目录:cd /var/www/html/

[root@Centos8mini ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@Centos8mini html]# ls
[root@Centos8mini html]# mkdir centos/{7,8} -pv
mkdir: created directory 'centos'
mkdir: created directory 'centos/7'
mkdir: created directory 'centos/8'
[root@Centos8mini html]# tree centos
centos
|-- 7
`-- 8

2 directories, 0 files

接下来查看一下硬盘基本情况:lsblk

[root@Centos8mini html]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
|-sda1   8:1    0  100G  0 part /
|-sda2   8:2    0   50G  0 part /data
|-sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
|-sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
`-sda5   8:5    0    1G  0 part /boot
sdb      8:16   0   10G  0 disk 
sdc      8:32   0   20G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1  9.5G  0 rom  
sr1     11:1    1 10.1G  0 rom  

sr0是centos7的光盘,把sr0拷贝到7的文件夹下,

先在data下创建centos7,并挂载光盘,再拷贝Packages 和repodata 到/var/www/html/centos/7/。

回到浏览器,输入ip(10.0.0.9)/centos/7/即可看到仓库文件。

[root@Centos8mini centos]# cd
[root@Centos8mini ~]# cd /data
[root@Centos8mini data]# ls
[root@Centos8mini data]# mkdir centos{7,8} -pv
mkdir: created directory 'centos7'
mkdir: created directory 'centos8'
[root@Centos8mini data]# ls
centos7  centos8
[root@Centos8mini data]# cd centos7
[root@Centos8mini centos7]# cd
[root@Centos8mini ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /data/centos7
mount: /data/centos7: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@Centos8mini ~]# cd /data/centos7
[root@Centos8mini centos7]# ls
CentOS_BuildTag  EULA  LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7          TRANS.TBL  isolinux
EFI              GPL   Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7  images     repodata
[root@Centos8mini ~]# cp /data/centos7/repodata /var/www/html/centos/7/ -r
[root@Centos8mini ~]# cp /data/centos7/Packages /var/www/html/centos/7/ -r
[root@Centos8mini ~]# cd /var/www/html/centos/7/
[root@Centos8mini 7]# ls
Packages  repodata

sr1是centos8的光盘,把sr1挂载到8的文件夹下

[root@Centos8mini ~]# mount /dev/sr1 /var/www/html/centos/8
mount: /var/www/html/centos/8: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@Centos8mini ~]# cd /var/www/html/centos/8
[root@Centos8mini 8]# ls
AppStream  BaseOS  EFI  LICENSE  TRANS.TBL  images  isolinux  media.repo

回到centos7的机器,进入cd /etc/yum.repos.d/,编辑base仓库,注释掉原来的网络源链接,新建baseurl=http://10.0.0.9/centos/7/
保存退出,运行yum repolist 检查是否成功,并尝试安装vsftpd,完成即可。centos8挂载成功后,在8的机器同理操作替换。

Linux学习4 yum仓库 编译安装 sed基本用法_第2张图片

[root@Centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: 10.0.0.9
 * extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
源标识                                                    源名称                                                     状态
!base/7/x86_64                                            CentOS-7 - Base                                            10,072
!extras/7/x86_64                                          CentOS-7 - Extras                                             512
!updates/7/x86_64                                         CentOS-7 - Updates                                          4,050
repolist: 14,634
[root@Centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum list vsftpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: 10.0.0.9
 * extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
可安装的软件包
vsftpd.x86_64                                            3.0.2-29.el7_9                                             updates
[root@Centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd
已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: 10.0.0.9
 * extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
base                                                                                                | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                              | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                             | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                         |  16 MB  00:01:05     
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 vsftpd.x86_64.0.3.0.2-29.el7_9 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

===========================================================================================================================
 Package                   架构                      版本                                 源                          大小
===========================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 vsftpd                    x86_64                    3.0.2-29.el7_9                       updates                    173 k

事务概要
===========================================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总下载量:173 k
安装大小:353 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64.rpm                                                                    | 173 kB  00:00:03     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安装    : vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64                                                                           1/1 
  验证中      : vsftpd-3.0.2-29.el7_9.x86_64                                                                           1/1 

已安装:
  vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-29.el7_9                                                                                           

完毕!

Linux学习4 yum仓库 编译安装 sed基本用法_第3张图片

 

[root@Centos8 ~]# yum repolist
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
repo id                                        repo name
AppStream                                      AppStream
BaseOS                                         BaseOS
PowerTools                                     CentOS - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyum.com
epel                                           EPEL
extras                                         extras
[root@Centos8 ~]# yum -y install vsftpd
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
BaseOS                                                                                      23 MB/s | 2.6 MB     00:00    
AppStream                                                                                   78 MB/s | 7.5 MB     00:00    
extras                                                                                     4.7 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:00    
EPEL                                                                                        15 kB/s | 4.7 kB     00:00    
Dependencies resolved.
===========================================================================================================================
 Package                   Architecture              Version                            Repository                    Size
===========================================================================================================================
Installing:
 vsftpd                    x86_64                    3.0.3-34.el8                       AppStream                    181 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 181 k
Installed size: 347 k
Downloading Packages:
vsftpd-3.0.3-34.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                             303 kB/s | 181 kB     00:00    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                      298 kB/s | 181 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                   1/1 
  Installing       : vsftpd-3.0.3-34.el8.x86_64                                                                        1/1 
  Running scriptlet: vsftpd-3.0.3-34.el8.x86_64                                                                        1/1 
  Verifying        : vsftpd-3.0.3-34.el8.x86_64                                                                        1/1 

Installed:
  vsftpd-3.0.3-34.el8.x86_64                                                                                               

Complete!

Linux学习4 yum仓库 编译安装 sed基本用法_第4张图片Linux学习4 yum仓库 编译安装 sed基本用法_第5张图片Linux学习4 yum仓库 编译安装 sed基本用法_第6张图片

3、编译安装http2.4版本

首先检查一下http包的版本: yum info httpd

再进入文件夹内:cd /usr/local/src

下载源码包:wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2

或者在Windows下载源码包,再导入该文件夹。

再解压文件:tar xvf httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2 

再进入http文件夹内:cd httpd-2.4.54/

查看一下帮助:./configure --help

执行配置命令:./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --withmpm=prefork

期间会遇到缺包报错,对于不认识的包可以命令检查,一般情况下所缺的包报错名称是大写时,安装时要在包名后加 小写包名-devel,:yum provides 包名,:yum -y install gcc apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config

报错解决后再执行配置命令:./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all

再执行:make -j 2(CPU核数,lscpu可查看)

再执行:make install

安装成功后,可执行检查安装情况:tree /apps/httpd24/ -d

再制作启动PATH路径:echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd24/bin/:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh

. /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
 

[root@Centos8 ~]#cd /usr/local/src
[root@Centos8 src]# wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2
[root@Centos8 src]# tar xvf httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2
[root@Centos8 src]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# yum -y install gcc make autoconf apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# make -j 2
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# make install
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# tree /apps/httpd24/ -d
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd24/bin/:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# . /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# apachectl start
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# ps -aux |grep httpd
root     1663829  0.0  0.2 118620  5452 ?        Ss   02:43   0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
daemon   1663886  0.0  0.6 1339248 13608 ?       Sl   02:43   0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
daemon   1663887  0.0  0.3 1339248 7596 ?        Sl   02:43   0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
daemon   1663888  0.0  0.3 1339248 7728 ?        Sl   02:43   0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
root     1674170  0.0  0.0   9208  1144 pts/2    S+   02:45   0:00 grep --color=auto httpd

打开本地浏览器地址栏输入ip(10.0.0.8),表示安装成功。

Linux学习4 yum仓库 编译安装 sed基本用法_第7张图片

刚刚我们看到进程显示deamon,可以修改一下,新建组和用户,指定为apache,shell类型为/sbin/nologin,存放网页的目录为/var/www/。再进入etc的httpd配置文件,修改组和用户名称,重启服务,完成安装。

[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# groupadd -r -g 66 apache
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# useradd -r -g apache -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/www/ apache
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.54]# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@Centos8 httpd]# ls
extra  httpd.conf  magic  mime.types  original
[root@Centos8 httpd]# sed -i 's#User daemon#User apache#' httpd.conf 
[root@Centos8 httpd]# sed -i 's#Group daemon#Group apache#' httpd.conf 
[root@Centos8 httpd]# apachectl stop
[root@Centos8 httpd]# ps -aux | grep httpd
root     1830261  0.0  0.0   9208  1136 pts/0    S+   03:13   0:00 grep --color=auto httpd
[root@Centos8 httpd]# apachectl start
[root@Centos8 httpd]# ps -aux | grep httpd
root     1839565  0.0  0.2 118620  5452 ?        Ss   03:15   0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
apache   1839566  0.0  0.3 1339248 7596 ?        Sl   03:15   0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
apache   1839567  0.0  0.4 1339248 9636 ?        Sl   03:15   0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
apache   1839568  0.0  0.4 1339248 9636 ?        Sl   03:15   0:00 /apps/httpd24/bin/httpd -k start
root     1839902  0.0  0.0   9208  1152 pts/0    S+   03:15   0:00 grep --color=auto httpd

 

3、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

-r 扩展正则表达式,-n不自动打印,不输出模式空间内容到屏幕。2p打印第二行,2s///p搜索替代并打印第二行,()分组,\1第一个分组,[0-9.]+数字0到9点一个或多个,

使用扩展正则表达式搜索第二行并替代为第一个分组打印到屏幕。

[root@Centos8 ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -rn '2s/.*inet ([0-9.]+)  netmask.*/\1/p'
10.0.0.8


[root@Centos8 ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -rn '2s/.*inet ([0-9.]+)  .*/\1/p'
10.0.0.8

4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头,后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符

[root@Centos8 ~]# sed -e '/^$/d' -e'/^# /d' /etc/fstab
#
#
#
#
UUID=34802d53-30ba-4119-b0b6-d9e97f876021 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=3c35c7a5-70f8-47d5-a170-f5fed4032a94 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=2f311184-9b10-4d2a-a303-b51d842a0616 /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=61275660-c98b-4e6c-a9ec-a79d85467d39 none                    swap    defaults        0 0

5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名

basename 取出基名,dirname 可取出路径名

如图代码以两个括号中的/为分界 分组,\1代表第一个括号分组,\2代表第二个括号分组,托字符开头一个或任意个字符 为第一组,/之后跟非/的字符一个或多个,从路径看,符号情况的只有最后一个文件夹前的/符合 条件分组。

[root@Centos8 ~]# echo /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[root@Centos8 ~]# basename /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
ifcfg-eth0
[root@Centos8 ~]# dirname /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@Centos8 ~]# echo /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |sed -rn 's#^(.*)/([^/]+)#\1#p'
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@Centos8 ~]# echo /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |sed -rn 's#^(.*)/([^/]+)#\2#p'
ifcfg-eth0

6、列出ubuntu软件管理工具apt的一些用法

apt 命令 命令的功能
apt install 安装软件包
apt remove 移除软件包
apt purge 移除软件包及配置文件
apt update 刷新存储库索引
apt upgrade 升级所有可升级的软件包
apt autoremove 自动删除不需要的包
apt full-upgrade 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系
apt search 搜索应用程序
apt show 显示安装细节

#查看文件来自于哪个包,类似redhat中的yum provides
apt-file search 'string'  #默认是包含此字符串的文件

apt-file search -x  '正则表达式'
apt-file search -F /path/file

7、ubuntu建议安装的常用包

[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#apt purge ufw lxd lxd-client lxcfs liblxc-common
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#apt install iproute2 ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute nfskernel-server nfs-common lrzsz tree openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev 
zlib1g-dev gcc openssh-server iotop unzip zip

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