Ubuntu22.04三台虚拟机Hadoop集群安装和搭建（全面详细的过程）

环境配置安装

项目	Value
linux	ubuntu22.04.3
java	1.8_202
hadoop	3.2.4
vmware workstation	16.2.3

安装JDK

在vmware workstation安装好ubuntu系统后，下载jdk包。

Java 的官网下载链接：https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/
Java 华为云镜像：https://repo.huaweicloud.com/java/jdk/

下载后解压到自定义文件夹

sudo tar -zxvf jdk-8u202-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt

设置环境变量：

sudo gedit /etc/profile

添加java路径

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_202
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin

激活环境后，查看java版本

source /etc/profile # 激活环境
java -version # 查看java版本

java version "1.8.0_202"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_202-b08)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.202-b08, mixed mode)

配置软链接

sudo ln -s /opt/jdk1.8.0_202/bin/java /bin/java

java 安装完成

安装Hadoop

下载后解压到自定义文件夹

sudo tar -zxvf hadoop-3.2.4.tar.gz -C /opt

为 hadoop 配置 java 环境，打开hadoop安装目录的etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh文件

sudo gedit /opt/hadoop-3.2.4/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

找到 JAVA_HOME, 写入自己的路径

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_202

打开hadoop安装目录，查看是否安装成功

/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/bin/hadoop version

Hadoop 3.2.4
Source code repository Unknown -r 7e5d9983b388e372fe640f21f048f2f2ae6e9eba
Compiled by ubuntu on 2022-07-12T11:58Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum ee031c16fe785bbb35252c749418712
This command was run using /opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-3.2.4.jar

三台虚拟机设置

克隆三台虚拟机

打开vmware的library面板

右键需要复制的虚拟机，选择 management->clone

一直下一步，等待完成，一直复制两台虚拟机hadoop101，hadoop102。

设置静态IP

三台虚拟机之间通过ip通信，所以要固定三台机器静态ip，以便相互访问

查看虚拟机的虚拟网卡，查看NAT模式配置

查看NAT Settings

记录网关地址Gateway IP

打开网卡配置文件

sudo gedit /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

自定义设置addresses和routes

# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this 
network:
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      addresses:
      # 根据自己的IP地址更改下边的IP即可
        - 172.16.228.100/24
      nameservers:
       # 域名解析器
        addresses: [4.2.2.2, 8.8.8.8]
      routes:
        - to: default
        # 网关，上一步记录的Gateway IP
          via: 172.16.228.2
  version: 2
  
# 备用
# 根据自己的IP地址更改下边的IP即可
# IP地址
# IPADDR=172.16.228.101
# 网关
# GATEWAY=172.16.228.2
# 域名解析器
# DNS1=4.2.2.2
# DNS2=8.8.8.8

保存重启网络服务

sudo netplan apply

查看ip，设置完成

其余两台虚拟机也设置好静态ip，并将三个ip记录。

修改虚拟机host

修改hostname和hosts便于通信

sudo gedit /etc/hostname

将三台虚拟机hostname分别设置为hadoop100、hadoop101、hadoop102

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

在后面添加各自设置的静态ip

172.16.228.100 hadoop100
172.16.228.101 hadoop101
172.16.228.102 hadoop102

分别在三台虚拟机测试能否ping通

ping hadoop100
ping hadoop101
ping hadoop102

ssh免密登录

为三台机器添加ssh密钥，实现远程无密码访问

sudo apt-get install openssh-server  #安装服务，一路回车                     
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart  #启动服务                                      
sudo ufw disable   #关闭防火墙         

在节点生成SSH公钥，并分发给其他机器

ssh localhost
cd ~/.ssh         
rm ./id_rsa*                           
ssh-keygen -t rsa     

生成密钥

分发给节点，根据提示输入虚拟机密码
ssh-copy-id hadoop100
ssh-copy-id hadoop101
ssh-copy-id hadoop102

ssh hadoop100 测试是否分发成功。

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service 

Hadoop配置

打开hadoop安装目录，进入/etc/hadoop路径，找到配置文件，并按照如下配置

	hadoop100	hadoop101	hadoop102
HDFS	DataNode NameNode	DataNode	SecondaryNameNode DataNode
YARN	NodeManager	NodeManager ResourceManager	NodeManager

core-site.xml

<configuration>

	<property>
		<name>fs.defaultFSname>
		<value>hdfs://hadoop100:8020value>
	property>
	
	<property>
		<name>hadoop.tmp.dirname>
		<value>/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/datavalue>
	property>
	<property>
	<name>hadoop.http.staticuser.username>
		<value>hadoopvalue>
	property>
configuration>

hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-addressname>
        <value>hadoop100:9870value>
    property>
    
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-addressname>
        <value>hadoop102:9868value>
    property>
configuration>

yarn-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-servicesname>
        <value>mapreduce_shufflevalue>
    property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostnamename>
        <value>hadoop101value>
        <description>resourcemanagerdescription>
    property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.env-whitelistname>
        <value>
            JAVA_HOME,HADOOP_COMMON_HOME,HADOOP_HDFS_HOME,HADOOP_CONF_DIR,CLASSPATH_PREPEND_DISTCACHE,HADOOP_YARN_HOME,HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME
        value>
    property>
    
    
	<property>
		<name>yarn.log-aggregation-enablename>
		<value>truevalue>
	property>
    
	<property>
	<name>yarn.log.server.urlname>
	<value>http://hadoop100:19888/jobhistory/logsvalue>
	property>
	
	<property>
	<name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-secondsname>
	<value>604800value>
	property>
configuration>

mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
	<property>
		<name>mapreduce.framework.namename>
		<value>yarnvalue>
	property>
	
	<property>
	    <name>yarn.app.mapreduce.am.envname>
	    <value>
	        HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/etc/hadoop:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/common/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/common/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn/*
	    value>
	property>
	<property>
	    <name>mapreduce.map.envname>
	    <value>
	        HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/etc/hadoop:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/common/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/common/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn/*
	    value>
	property>
	<property>
	    <name>mapreduce.reduce.envname>
	    <value>
	        HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/etc/hadoop:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/common/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/common/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/hdfs/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/mapreduce/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/*:/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/yarn/*
	    value>
	property>
	
configuration>

workers

hadoop100
hadoop101
hadoop102

设置hadoop集群用户权限

sudo gedit /etc/profile

添加

export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=hadoop
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=hadoop
export HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=hadoop
export YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=hadoop
export YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=hadoop

更新配置

source /etc/profile

xsync分发给其他虚拟机

cd /opt/jdk1.8.0_202/bin # 该目录创建xsync脚本，可自定义到系统任何环境目录中
sudo gedit xsync

编写脚本

#!/bin/bash

#1. 判断参数个数
if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
    echo Not Enough Arguement!
    exit;
fi

#2. 遍历集群所有机器
for host in hadoop100 hadoop101 hadoop102
do
    echo ====================  $host  ====================
    #3. 遍历所有目录，挨个发送

    for file in $@
    do
        #4. 判断文件是否存在
        if [ -e $file ]
            then
                #5. 获取父目录
                pdir=$(cd -P $(dirname $file); pwd)

                #6. 获取当前文件的名称
                fname=$(basename $file)
                ssh $host "mkdir -p $pdir"
                rsync -av $pdir/$fname $host:$pdir
            else
                echo $file does not exists!
        fi
    done
done

设置执行权限

sudo chmod -R 777 xsync

分发hadoop配置，只分发配置文件，其余文件不同虚拟机有自己id不要修改。

xsync /opt/hadoop-3.2.4/etc/hadoop

格式化namenode配置

namenode节点会产生node id，需要在namenode机器上格式化配置，这里是hadoop100。

/opt/hadoop-3.2.4/bin/hdfs namenode -format 

启动集群

在hadoop100上启动dfs

hadoop@hadoop100:~$ /opt/hadoop-3.2.4/sbin/start-dfs.sh

在hadoop101上启动yarn

分别 在三台机器输入上查看hadoop进程

jps

hadoop100

hadoop101

hadoop102

配置完成

测试

在hadoop100上打开hadoop:9870

hadoop100上传文件到集群

hadoop@hadoop100:~$ /opt/hadoop-3.2.4/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir /hadoop100_test

查看hdfs 网址看到文件夹已经上传

ref

尚硅谷大数据教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Qp4y1n7EN