阿里云Ubuntu20配置FTP服务器

Ubuntu20 LTS （阿里云服务器）配置FTP服务器

1. 首先下载vsftpd

更新：sudo apt-get update
下载vsftpd：sudo apt-get install vsftpd

2. 配置 /etc/vsftpd.conf

1. 备份 /etc/vsftpd.conf

备份：cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.dup 防止手残

2. 修改 /etc/vsftpd.conf 配置

下面的内容可直接复制，也可以自行修改。

   # Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
   #
   # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
   # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
   # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
   #
   # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
   # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
   # capabilities.
   #
   #
   # Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
   # daemon started from an initscript.
   listen=NO
   #
   # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
   # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
   # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
   # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
   # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
   # files.
   listen_ipv6=YES
   #
   # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
   anonymous_enable=NO
   #
   # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
   local_enable=YES
   #
   # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
   write_enable=YES # 写入权限 Yes
   #
   # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
   # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
   #local_umask=022
   #
   # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
   # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
   # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
   anon_upload_enable=YES 
   #
   # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
   # new directories.
   anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # 创建目录权限 Yes
   anon_other_write_enable=YES # 其他写入权限 Yes
   #
   # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
   # go into a certain directory.
   dirmessage_enable=YES
   #
   # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
   # in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
   # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
   # option.
   use_localtime=YES # 允许本地用户登录 Yes
   #
   # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
   xferlog_enable=YES
   #
   # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
   connect_from_port_20=YES
   #
   # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
   # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
   # recommended!
   #chown_uploads=YES
   #chown_username=whoever
   #
   # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
   # below.
   #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
   #
   # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
   # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
   #xferlog_std_format=YES
   #
   # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
   #idle_session_timeout=600
   #
   # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
   #data_connection_timeout=120
   #
   # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
   # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
   #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
   #
   # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
   # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
   # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
   #async_abor_enable=YES
   #
   # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
   # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
   # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
   # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
   # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
   # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
   # raw file.
   # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
   #ascii_upload_enable=YES
   #ascii_download_enable=YES
   #
   # You may fully customise the login banner string:
   #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
   #
   # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
   # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
   #deny_email_enable=YES
   # (default follows)
   #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
   #
   # You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
   # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
   # chroot_list_enable below.
   # chroot_local_user=YES
   #
   # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
   # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
   # users to NOT chroot().
   # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
   # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
   # chroot)
   chroot_local_user=YES
   chroot_list_enable=YES
   allow_writeable_chroot=YES
   # (default follows)
   local_root=/home/ftp/ # 划重点！！！ 这个是ftp服务器的默认根目录
   anon_root=/home/ftp/
   
   chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # 可在文件中写入多个账号
   #
   # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
   # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
   # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
   # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
   #ls_recurse_enable=YES
   #
   # Customization
   #
   # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
   # default.
   #
   # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
   # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
   # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
   # access.
   secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
   #
   # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
   pam_service_name=ftp
   #
   # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
   # encrypted connections.
   rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
   rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
   ssl_enable=NO
   
   #
   # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
   #utf8_filesystem=YES

3. 修改 ftp 用户密码

下载完 vsftpd 之后，系统自动创建了账户 ftp，所以我们直接修改密码就可以。

sudo passwd ftp

根据提示输入两次密码后，ftp的密码就修改成功了。

4. 创建共享文件夹

创建文件夹：mkdir /home/ftp/
给文件夹权限： chmod 777 -R /home/ftp

5. 多用户访问

多用户访问则需要先注册用户，这个自行搜索。然后需要将用户名添加到 /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list中，但是必须要有 ftp，因为FTP服务默认的账户是 ftp，后面可以继续添加其他的用户。

ftp

6. 重启FTP服务

重启服务：service vsftpd restart

设置开机启动：systemctl enable vsftpd.service

7. 开放FTP端口

阿里云需要自己开放端口。

netstat -atunp | grep ftp查询FTP服务端口为21，所以去开放21端口。

8. Windows配置

打开 internet选项 -> 高级，去掉使用被动FTP选项，如图。

9. 完成配置

配置完成，可以在 /home/ftp目录下创建一个test.txt。

在Linux下，输入 ftp localhost可以进入本地FTP，输入ls可以看到目录下存在test.txt文件。

在Windows下，从文件资源管理器输入ftp://yourIP，然后输入账户和密码就可以进入FTP服务器，也可以上传和下载文件。