Debian系统设置

每次安装好Debian系统后，会对系统进行一些必要的设置，以适合快速开发的需要，现作个简单的记录。

debian10 修改源

打开/etc/apt/sources.list文件，修改成：

root@debian:/home/zsw# vi /etc/apt/sources.list
# 

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 10.1.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20190908-01:09]/ buster contrib main

#deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 10.1.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20190908-01:09]/ buster contrib main

#deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib
#deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib

# buster-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
# A network mirror was not selected during install.  The following entries
# are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of choice.
#
# deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main contrib
# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main contrib
#deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
#deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free

samba配置

1、安装samba包：

apt-get install samba

2、修改 vim /etc/samba/smb.conf文件，在最后加入：

security = user
[zsw]
   comment = zsw home
   browseable = yes
   path = /home/zhushiwei    #共享路径
   writeable = yes
   guest ok = no
   create mask = 0777

3、设置samba的用户：

smbpasswd -a zsw    #zsw 为所需添加的用户名，然后输入密码

4、debian 10重启samba 服务:

systemctl restart smbd nmbd

用dnsmasq配置软路由

1、创建/etc/rc.local目录并赋于可执行权限；

2、rc.local 文件里写入网络数据转发，并设置TTL，TTL设置非必须，与公司的上网环境有关系

#!/bin/sh 
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -F
iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ens33 -j MASQUERADE
echo 129 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_default_ttl
iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -j TTL --ttl-set 130

exit 0

3、接着启动 rc-local 服务，并设置开机启动

systemctl start rc-local

4、更新源，并安装dnsmasq，开启dhcp服务

apt-get update
apt-get install dnsmasq

/etc/dnsmasq.conf文件里写入：

#dhcp-ignore-names=tag:wpad-ignore
dhcp-range=192.168.0.100,192.168.0.250,255.255.255.0,48h
dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.20    #192.168.0.20 为本机的IP地址

重新启动dnsmasq服务

sudo /etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart