Ansible

一: ansible 的概述

Ansible是一款为类Unix系统开发的自由开源的配置和自动化工具。

它用Python写成,类似于saltstack和Puppet,但是有一个不同和优点是我们不需要在节点中安装任何客户端。

它使用SSH来和节点进行通信。Ansible基于 Python paramiko 开发,分布式,无需客户端,轻量级,配置语法使用 YMAL 及 Jinja2模板语言,更强的远程命令执行操作。

2. 官方网站

我们可以看到上面的红帽标志,红帽公司于2015年10月收购了ansible,而ansible成立于2013年。

3. ansible 的特点

1、部署简单,没有客户端,只需在主控端部署Ansible环境,被控端无需做任何操作;

2. 模块化:调用特定的模块,完成特定任务

3. 默认使用SSH协议对设备进行管理;

4. 主从集中化管理;

5、配置简单、功能强大、扩展性强;

6、支持API及自定义模块,可通过Python轻松扩展;

7、通过Playbooks来定制强大的配置、状态管理

8. 对云计算平台、大数据都有很好的支持;

9. 具有幂等性:一个操作在一个主机上执行一遍和执行N遍的结果是一样的

ansible是基于模块工作的,本身没有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块,ansible只是提供一种框架。主要包括:

(1)、连接插件connection plugins:负责和被监控端实现通信;

(2)、host inventory:指定操作的主机,是一个配置文件里面定义监控的主机;

(3)、各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块;

(4)、借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能;

(5)、playbook:剧本执行多个任务时,非必需可以让节点一次性运行多个任务

4. ansible的工作机制

Ansible 在管理节点将 Ansible 模块通过 SSH 协议推送到被管理端执行,执行完之后自动删除,可以使用 SVN 等来管理自定义模块及编排

Ansible_第1张图片

由图可以看出Ansible的组成由一下模块组成:

Ansible: ansible的核心模块
Host Inventory:主机清单,也就是被管理的主机列表
Playbooks:ansible的剧本,可想象为将多个任务放置在一起,一块执行
Core Modules:ansible的核心模块
Custom Modules:自定义模块
Connection Plugins:连接插件,用于与被管控主机之间基于SSH建立连接关系
Plugins:其他插件,包括记录日志等

二. Asible的安装

1. 设置EPEL仓库

Ansible仓库默认不在yum仓库中,因此我们需要使用下面的命令启用epel仓库

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# yum install epel-release -y

2. 使用yum安装Ansible

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# yum install ansible

3. 查看ansible的版本

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.9.18

ansible的命令参数

anisble命令语法: ansible [-i 主机文件] [-f 批次] [组名] [-m 模块名称] [-a 模块参数]

参数 功能
-v 详细模式,如果输出成功,输出详细结果
-i  指定host文件路径,默认在/etc/host/ansible.cfg
-f,-forks-NUM NUM默认是整数5,指定fork开启同步进程的个数
-m 指定使用的module名称,默认command模块
-a 指定默认的参数
-k 提示输入SSH密码,而不是使用基于SSH密钥认证
-sudo 指定使用sudo密码
-u 指定移动端的执行用户
-C  测试执行命令会改变什么内容,不会真正的执行

ansible-doc 详细参数

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible-doc -l

列出所有模块列表

指定查看某个模块的参数
ansible-doc -s 模块名字

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible-doc -s onyx_ospf 
- name: Manage OSPF protocol on Mellanox ONYX network devices
  onyx_ospf:
      interfaces:            # List of interfaces and areas. Required if `state=present'.
      ospf:                  # (required) OSPF instance number 1-65535
      router_id:             # OSPF router ID. Required if `state=present'.
      state:                 # OSPF state.
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible-doc -s service
- name: Manage services
  service:
      arguments:             # Additional arguments provided on the command line.
      enabled:               # Whether the service should start on boot. *At least one of
                               state and enabled are
                               required.*
      name:                  # (required) Name of the service.
      pattern:               # If the service does not respond to the status command,
                               name a substring to look
                               for as would be found in
                               the output of the `ps'
                               command as a stand-in for a
                               status result. If the
                               string is found, the
                               service will be assumed to
                               be started.
      runlevel:              # For OpenRC init scripts (e.g. Gentoo) only. The runlevel
                               that this service belongs
                               to.
      sleep:                 # If the service is being `restarted' then sleep this many
                               seconds between the stop

三. ansible的使用

1. 基于端口,用户,密码定义主机清单

格式:

ansible基于ssh连接-i (inventory)参数后指定的远程主机时,也可以写端口,用户,密码。

如:

ansible_ssh_port: 指定ssh端口 ansible_ssh_user:指定 ssh 用户 ansible_ssh_pass: 指定 ssh 用户登录是认证密码(明文密码不安全) ansible_sudo_pass: 指明 sudo 时候的密码

添加的内容如下:

​
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# grep -v ^# /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v ^$
[web-servers]
192.168.1.163 ansible_ssh_port=22  ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=12345678
[root@itlaoxin16

​

直接添加到文件文末就可以;

测试主机的连通性

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m ping
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, us
see details
192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

查看组下所有的IP:

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible all --list
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
  hosts (1):
    192.168.1.163
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#

2. 基于ssh密钥来访问定义主机清单

设置密钥

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:CWdEZJbtzH4+ypeXe80jPnBr9UX/0yChZtX5DCjKckg root@itlaoxin162
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|       o*o       |
|       +. .      |
|      . o+   o . |
|      E+ .= + + .|
|     . oSo + . =.|
|      o + =.o...=|
|       o o oooo+*|
|         .  ==ooB|
|          ooo++oo|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

拷贝密钥并测试

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

[email protected]'s password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

**登陆测试:**
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh 192.168.1.163

Last login: Wed Apr 21 08:13:14 2021 from 192.168.1.162

71服务器也发送密钥

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]

修改hosts

vim /etc/ansible/hosts

Ansible_第2张图片

查看配置文件中刚刚修改的内容

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# grep -v "^#" /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v "^$" 
[web-servers]
192.168.1.163
192.168.1.71

ansible远程执行命令测试

ping模块 主要用来检测网络的连通性

command模块,执行shell命令

使用ping检查‘web-servers’或者ansible节点的连通性。

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 'web-servers' -m ping
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

这条命令我们也可以不指定hosts,效果是一样的,我们只要指定组即可

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible 'web-servers' -m ping
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

有时候我们为了方便阅读也把主机组名写在最后面

web-servers 这个组名,放在最后面

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "uptime" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
 08:37:28 up 11 min,  3 users,  load average: 0.02, 0.15, 0.17
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
 08:37:28 up  1:58,  5 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

案例1: 检查节点的内存情况

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "free -m " 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3770         826        2283          15         661        2709
Swap:          2047           0        2047
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3770         892        1076          38        1802        2588
Swap:          2047           0        2047
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

案例2:给节点增加用户

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "useradd itoldxin" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

查看是否创建用户成功

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "id itoldxin" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1001(itoldxin) gid=1001(itoldxin) 组=1001(itoldxin)
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1001(itoldxin) gid=1001(itoldxin) 组=1001(itoldxin)
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

四. ansible的高级用法

1. ansible的常用模块

1) ansible的3个远程模块的区别

  • command : ansible的默认模块,不指定-m参数的时候,使用的就是command模块; 常见的命令都可以使用,但命令的执行不是通过shell来执行的,所以< > | and & z这些操作都不可以,不支持管道,没法批量执行命令
  • shell模块: 使用shell模块的时候默认是通过/bin/sh来执行的,所以在终端输入的各种命令都可以使用
  • scripts模块

使用scripts模块可以在本地写一个脚本,在远程服务器上执行

案例1:使用shell模块的案例

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts  web-servers -m shell -a "source ~/.bash_profile && df -h|head -n 1"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统                           容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

注意: shell也可以把一个脚本copy到远程端然后再执行,但这样的话就需要调用两次ansible,所以script的出现就解决了这个问题;

案例2:使用script 模块

先写一个脚本:

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# cat !$
cat /etc/ansible/test.sh
#!/bin/bash
date
hostname
echo "大家好,我是互联网老辛,脚本执行成功"
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

执行查看结果:

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/root owner=root group=root mode=0777"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", 
    "dest": "/root/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 183, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.44-20046-203314294949142/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", 
    "dest": "/root/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 183, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.45-20045-254958397204815/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

可以看到已经执行成功

2) copy模块的使用

copy模块:实现主控端向目标主机拷贝文件,类似scp功能

案例1: 把ansible主机的/etc/hosts 拷贝到主机组机器中的/root/下

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/root owner=root group=root mode=0777"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", 
    "dest": "/root/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 183, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.44-20046-203314294949142/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", 
    "dest": "/root/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 183, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.45-20045-254958397204815/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

查看是否执行成功:

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls /root/hosts" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root/hosts
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root/hosts
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

注意: command 不能使用ll命令,但可以使用ls -l的命令

 [root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls -l  /root/hosts" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 183 4月  21 09:03 /root/hosts
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 183 4月  21 09:03 /root/hosts
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

3. file模块

案例5 给文件设置权限

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m file -a "path=/root/hosts mode=0755"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/root/hosts", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 183, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/root/hosts", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 183, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

查看权限:

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls -l  /root/hosts" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 183 4月  21 09:03 /root/hosts
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 183 4月  21 09:03 /root/hosts
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

4. stat模块获取远程文件信息

案例6 获取文件信息

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m stat -a "path=/root/hosts"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "stat": {
        "atime": 1618966982.400622, 
        "attr_flags": "", 
        "attributes": [], 
        "block_size": 4096, 
        "blocks": 8, 
        "charset": "us-ascii", 
        "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", 
        "ctime": 1618967480.9315438, 
        "dev": 64768, 
        "device_type": 0, 
        "executable": true, 
        "exists": true, 
        "gid": 0, 
        "gr_name": "root", 
        "inode": 78337, 
        "isblk": false, 
        "ischr": false, 
        "isdir": false, 
        "isfifo": false, 
        "isgid": false, 
        "islnk": false, 
        "isreg": true, 
        "issock": false, 
        "isuid": false, 
        "mimetype": "text/plain", 
        "mode": "0755", 
        "mtime": 1618966981.7806218, 
        "nlink": 1, 
        "path": "/root/hosts", 
        "pw_name": "root", 
        "readable": true, 
        "rgrp": true, 
        "roth": true, 
        "rusr": true, 
        "size": 183, 
        "uid": 0, 
        "version": "693378940", 
        "wgrp": false, 
        "woth": false, 
        "writeable": true, 
        "wusr": true, 
        "xgrp": true, 
        "xoth": true, 
        "xusr": true
    }
}
192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "stat": {
        "atime": 1618966982.6472814, 
        "attr_flags": "", 
        "attributes": [], 
        "block_size": 4096, 
        "blocks": 8, 
        "charset": "us-ascii", 
        "checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6", 
        "ctime": 1618967481.0644567, 
        "dev": 64768, 
        "device_type": 0, 
        "executable": true, 
        "exists": true, 
        "gid": 0, 
        "gr_name": "root", 
        "inode": 33662547, 
        "isblk": false, 
        "ischr": false, 
        "isdir": false, 
        "isfifo": false, 
        "isgid": false, 
        "islnk": false, 
        "isreg": true, 
        "issock": false, 
        "isuid": false, 
        "mimetype": "text/plain", 
        "mode": "0755", 
        "mtime": 1618966982.176287, 
        "nlink": 1, 
        "path": "/root/hosts", 
        "pw_name": "root", 
        "readable": true, 
        "rgrp": true, 
        "roth": true, 
        "rusr": true, 
        "size": 183, 
        "uid": 0, 
        "version": "1103139934", 
        "wgrp": false, 
        "woth": false, 
        "writeable": true, 
        "wusr": true, 
        "xgrp": true, 
        "xoth": true, 
        "xusr": true
    }
}


5. get_url 模块

实现远程主机下载指定的url地址,支持sha256sum文件校验

案例7

ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m get_url -a "url=https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm  dest=/tmp/ mode=0440 force=yes"

注:url=https://xxx 的等号=前后不能有空格

扩展:查看force=yes的作用

6. yum模块

yum模块linux平台软件包管理。

yum模块可以提供的status状态: latest ,present,installed #这三个代表安装;removed, absent #这两个是卸载

案例8 使用yum模块安装httpd

ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m yum -a “name=httpd state=latest”

7. cron模块远程管理主机crontab配置

案例9: 增加每30分钟执行 echo"我是互联网老辛"

ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m cron -a “name=‘list dir’ minute=’*/30’ job=‘echo 我是互联网老辛”’”

8. service 远程管理主机系统服务模块

service模块常用参数:

(1)、name参数:此参数用于指定需要操作的服务名称,比如 nginx,httpd。

(2)、state参数:此参数用于指定服务的状态

比如,我们想要启动远程主机中的httpd,则可以将 state 的值设置为 started;

如果想要停止远程主机中的服务,则可以将 state 的值设置为 stopped。

此参数的可用值有 started、stopped、restarted(重启)、reloaded。

enabled参数:此参数用于指定是否将服务设置为开机 启动项,设置为 yes 表示将对应服务设置为开机启动,设置为 no 表示不会开机启动。

注:想使用service模块启动服务,被启动的服务,必须可以使用service 命令启动或关闭

案例10 使用service模块重启httpd

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"

9. user模块 管理远程主机的用户

案例11: 使用user模块创建一个用户itlaoxin

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m user -a "name=itlaoxin state=present"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1002, 
    "home": "/home/itlaoxin", 
    "name": "itlaoxin", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 1002
}
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1002, 
    "home": "/home/itlaoxin", 
    "name": "itlaoxin", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 1002
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 

10. with_items:多个重复任务执行

Ansible_第3张图片

Ansible_第4张图片

11. setup内置模块

ansible  setup模块:系统自带模块   

主机名 :ansible_fqdn等等

ansible all -m setup -a 'filter="ansible_fqdn"'

CPU个数:ansible_processor_vcpus

worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus**2 }};

系统版本:ansible_distribution_version

when: ansible_distribution_version == "6.7"

12. Temptle模块

变量:

1、通过命令  -e  (优先级最高) 

2、主机清单定义 主机单个变量(优先级更高) 和主机组公共变量   

3、创建变量文件  

Ansible_第5张图片

ansible-playbook  test.yml

Ansible_第6张图片

Ansible_第7张图片

Ansible_第8张图片

if条件判断,如有键值有值则显示,没有则不显示

13. Rsync poll  fecth模块

使用async和poll这两个关键字便可以并行运行一个任务.

async这个关键字触发ansible并行运作任务,而async的值是ansible等待运行这个任务的最大超时值,而poll就是ansible检查这个任务是否完成的频率时间.

handlers 只有服务器执行命令发生变化时才会执行

假如 copy 模块 文件没变,此时调用handlers是不生效的

fetch模块只支持一个文件抓取,不支持多个,如果要抓取多个需要配合 find模块和fetch一起使用

tasks:
    - name: fucking
      find:
        paths: /tmp/log/
        patterns: "*"
        recurse: no
      register: file_2_fetch

    - name: fuck your bitch
      fetch:
        src: "{{ item.path }}"
        dest: /tmp/
        flat: yes
      with_items: "{{ file_2_fetch.files }}"

五. ansible 实战案例

playbooks的介绍

1) 在playbooks 中定义任务:

- name: task description #任务描述信息

module_name: module_args #需要使用的模块名字: 模块参数

2) ansible-playbook 执行 命令:

ansible-playbook site.yml

3.playbook是由一个或多个"play"组成的列表。play的主要功能在于将事先归为一组的主机装扮成事先通过ansible中的task定义好的角色。

实战一: 使用playbook 批量部署多台LAMP环境

先介绍下: Playbook常用文件夹作用:

  • files:存放需要同步到异地服务器的源码文件及配置文件;
  • handlers:当服务的配置文件发生变化时需要进行的操作,比如:重启服务,重新加载配置文件,handlers ['hændləz] 处理程序
  • meta:角色定义,可留空;
  • tasks:需要进行的执行的任务;
  • templates:用于执行lamp安装的模板文件,一般为脚本;
  • vars:本次安装定义的变量

搭建思路

思路:我们搭建lanp架构,大概需要:

yum 安装服务

service 启动

copy 把网站拷贝过去

在playbooks 中定义任务:

name: task description #任务描述信息

module_name: module_args #需要使用的模块名字:

使用Playbook批量部署多台LAMP环境步骤

我们可以在ansible服务器上安装LAMP环境,然后,再将配置文件通过ansible拷贝到远程主机上

第一步:安装httpd软件

[root@ansible ~]# yum -y install httpd -y

第二部:安装MySQL

[root@ansible ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y #安装mysql服务

[root@ansible ~]# mkdir -p /mysqldata/data/ #创建目录作为数据存放的位置

[root@ansible ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata/ #授权

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #改变数据存放目录改:

2 datadir=/var/lib/mysql

改为:2 datadir=/mydata/data/

[root@ansible data]# systemctl start mariadb

第三步:安装PHP和php-mysql模块

[root@ansible ~]# yum -y install php php-mysql

第四步:提供php的测试页

[root@ansible ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php

[root@ansible ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.php

[root@ansible ~]# systemctl reload httpd #启动httpd服务

httpd测试:http://192.168.43.162

确保已经出现上面的测试页,而且,要看到MySQL已经被整合进来了,才能进行下一步操作

第五;定义组名

[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts #还使用之前定义好的,这里不用修改

[webservers]
192.168.1.163
192.168.1.71

然后,将公钥信息复制到被控制节点,ansible和两个节点间通过ssh进行连接。下面3个命令之前已经做过,不用执行了。

[root@ansible ~]# ssh-keygen
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected]

第六:使用playbook创建一个LAMP构建的任务

1、创建相关文件

[root@ansible ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/{prepare,httpd,mysql,php}/{tasks,files,templates,vars,meta,default,handlers}

我们将上面搭建成功的LAMP环境的httpd和MySQL的配置文件拷贝到对应目录下

2、构建httpd的任务

[root@ansible ansible]# cd /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/

[root@ansible roles]# mv /var/www/html/index.php httpd/files/

[root@ansible roles]# vim httpd/tasks/main.yml

[root@ansible roles]# cat httpd/tasks/main.yml

[root@ansible roles]# cat httpd/tasks/main.yml
- name: web server install
 yum: name=httpd state=present    #安装httpd服务
- name: provide test page
 copy: src=index.php dest=/var/www/html    #提供测试页
- name: delete apache config


 shell: rm -rf  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  #删除原有的apache配置文件,如果不删除,下面的copy任务是不会执行的,因为当源文件httpd.conf和目标文件一样时,copy命令是不执行的。如果copy命令不执行,那么notify将不调用handler。
- name: provide configuration file
 copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf    #提供httpd的配置文件
 notify: restart httpd   #当前面的copy复制成功后,通过notify通知名字为restart httpd的handlers运行

3、构建httpd的handlers

[root@ansible roles]# vim httpd/handlers/main.yml

[root@ansible roles]# cat httpd/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd enabled=yes state=restarted
[root@ansible roles]#

4、部署我们的MariaDB数据库

创建MySQL服务的任务,需要安装MySQL服务,改变属主信息,启动MySQL

[root@ansible roles]# cd /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/
[root@ansible roles]# vim mysql/tasks/main.yml
[root@ansible roles]# cat mysql/tasks/main.yml

-name: install the mysql
  yum: name=mariadb-server state=present    #安装mysql服务
- name: mkdir date directory
  shell: mkdir -p /mydata/data    #创建挂载点目录
- name: provide configration file
  copy: src=my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf    #提供mysql的配置文件
- name: chage the owner
  shell: chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/    #更改属主和属组
- name: start mariadb
  service: name=mariadb enabled=yes state=started    #启动mysql服务

5、构建PHP的任务

[root@ansible roles]# vim php/tasks/main.yml
- name: install php
yum: name=php state=present    #安装php
- name: install php-mysql
yum: name=php-mysql state=present    #安装php与mysql交互的插件

6、定义整个的任务

[root@ansible roles]# cd /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/
[root@ansible roles]# vim site.yml
[root@ansible roles]# cat site.yml
- name: LAMP build
  remote_user: root
  hosts: web-servers
  roles:
    - prepare
    - mysql
    - php
    - httpd

注:所有yml的配置文件中,空格必须严格对

开始部署:

[root@ansible roles]# ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/hosts /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/site.yml

然后,在浏览器中访问这两台节点主机,可以直接访问成功.

总结:做此实验室,需要准备干净环境,selinux、防火墙都要关闭

实战二: 使用ansible部署k8s及集群

安装git命令

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# yum install git

使用git下载相应的ansible-k8s-insatall 包:

[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# git clone https://github.com/lizhenliang/ansible-install-k8s
正克隆到 'ansible-install-k8s'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 157, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (157/157), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (123/123), done.
remote: Total 157 (delta 46), reused 114 (delta 20), pack-reused 0
接收对象中: 100% (157/157), 150.68 KiB | 110.00 KiB/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100

进入到ansbile-install-k8s目录

修改hosts文件,根据规划修改对应IP和名称。

cd ansible-install-k8s
[root@itlaoxin162 ansible-install-k8s]# vim hosts
[root@itlaoxin162 ansible-install-k8s]# vim group_vars/all.yml 

部署命令:

单Master版

ansible-playbook -i hosts single-master-deploy.yml -uroot -k

多master版

ansible-playbook -i hosts multi-master-deploy.yml -uroot -k

总结

ansible入门很简单,需要反复练习,才能熟练。

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