SOAP-Golang对接WebService服务实战

一、soap 简介

SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol ）简单对象访问协议是在分散或分布式的环境中交换信息的简单的协议，是一个基于XML的协议，它包括四个部分：SOAP封装(envelop)，封装定义了一个描述消息中的内容是什么，是谁发送的，谁应当接受并处理它以及如何处理它们的框架；SOAP编码规则（encoding rules），用于表示应用程序需要使用的数据类型的实例; SOAP RPC表示(RPC representation)，表示远程过程调用和应答的协定;SOAP绑定（binding），使用底层协议交换信息。

1、soap1.1请求

POST /WSShakespeare.asmx HTTP/1.1 
Host: www.xmlme.com 
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8 
Content-Length: length 
SOAPAction: "http://xmlme.com/WebServices/GetSpeech"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
  xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> 
  <soap:Body> 
    <GetSpeech xmlns="http://xmlme.com/WebServices"> 
      <Request>string</Request> 
    </GetSpeech> 
  </soap:Body> 
</soap:Envelope> 

2、soap1.2请求

POST /WSShakespeare.asmx HTTP/1.1 
Host: www.xmlme.com 
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 
Content-Length: length 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
  xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"> 
  <soap12:Body> 
    <GetSpeech xmlns="http://xmlme.com/WebServices"> 
      <Request>string</Request> 
    </GetSpeech> 
  </soap12:Body> 
</soap12:Envelope> POST /WSShakespeare.asmx HTTP/1.1 
Host: www.xmlme.com 
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8 
Content-Length: length 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
  xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"> 
  <soap12:Body> 
    <GetSpeech xmlns="http://xmlme.com/WebServices"> 
      <Request>string</Request> 
    </GetSpeech> 
  </soap12:Body> 
</soap12:Envelope> 

二、通过对比1.1和1.2请求head和body数据，得出以下差异

1、两者的命名空间不同。

soap 1.1 使用 xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
soap 1.2 使用 xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"

2、HTTP头信息上存在差异。

soap 1.1 使用 为Content-Type: text/xml; charset=UTF-8
soap 1.1 使用 SOAPAction
soap 1.2 使用 为Content-Type: application/soap+xml;charset=UTF-8
soap 1.2 不使用SOAPAction

3、SOAP消息格式不同。

主要体现在消息格式的命名空间上。

4、golang 编码对接服务(使用官方net/http包)

package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "strings"
    "io/ioutil"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    Soap11("https://lisea.cn/test")
    Soap12("https://lisea.cn/test")
}

func Soap11(url string) {
    reqBody := `<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
  xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> 
  <soap:Body> 
    <GetSpeech xmlns="http://xmlme.com/WebServices"> 
      <Request>string</Request> 
    </GetSpeech> 
  </soap:Body> 
</soap:Envelope>`

    res, err := http.Post(url, "text/xml; charset=UTF-8", strings.NewReader(reqBody))
    if nil != err {
        fmt.Println("http post err:", err)
        return
    }
    defer res.Body.Close()

    // return status
    if http.StatusOk != res.StatusCode {
        fmt.Println("WebService soap1.1 request fail, status: %s\n", res.StatusCode)
        return
    }

    data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
    if nil != err {
        fmt.Println("ioutil ReadAll err:", err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println("webService soap1.1 response: ", string(data))
}

// soap1.2例子
func Soap12(url string) {
    reqBody := `<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
  xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"> 
  <soap12:Body> 
    <GetSpeech xmlns="http://xmlme.com/WebServices"> 
      <Request>string</Request> 
    </GetSpeech> 
  </soap12:Body> 
</soap12:Envelope>`

    res, err := http.Post(url, "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8", strings.NewReader(reqBody))
    if nil != err {
        fmt.Println("http post err:", err)
        return
    }
    defer res.Body.Close()

    // return status
    if http.StatusOk != res.StatusCode {
        fmt.Println("WebService soap1.2 request fail, status: %s\n", res.StatusCode)
        return
    }

    data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
    if nil != err {
        fmt.Println("ioutil ReadAll err:", err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println("webService soap1.2 response: ", string(data))
}