Linux学习之MyCat实现分库分表

环境准备

1. 先准备一套MySQL主从服务器，可参考MySQL主从配置
2. 配置MyCat服务

资源下载

网盘链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1cLTMH_e1-6loc_gF9ZNHTg?pwd=a63n
提取码: a63n

MyCat配置

# 1）安装mycat软件
//安装jdk
[root@mycat58 upload]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64
//安装解压命令
[root@mycat58 upload]# which unzip || yum -y  install unzip
//安装mycat
[root@mycat58 upload]# unzip mycat2-install-template-1.21.zip
[root@mycat58 upload]# mv mycat /usr/local/
//安装依赖
[root@mycat58 upload]# cp mycat2-1.21-release-jar-with-dependencies.jar  /usr/local/mycat/lib/
//修改权限
[root@mycat58 upload]# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mycat/ 
# 2) 定义客户端连接mycat服务使用用户及密码
[root@mycat58 ~]# vim  /usr/local/mycat/conf/users/root.user.json
{
        "dialect":"mysql",
        "ip":null,
        "password":"654321", 密码
        "transactionType":"proxy",
        "username":"mycat" 用户名
}
# 定义连接的数据库服务器
[root@mycat58 ~]# vim  /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/prototypeDs.data
{
        "dbType":"mysql",
        "idleTimeout":60000,
        "initSqls":[],
        "initSqlsGetConnection":true,
        "instanceType":"READ_WRITE",
        "maxCon":1000,
        "maxConnectTimeout":3000,
        "maxRetryCount":5,
        "minCon":1,
        "name":"prototypeDs",
        "password":"123456", 密码
        "type":"JDBC",
        "url":"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=UTF-8", 连接本机的数据库服务
        "user":"plj", 用户名
        "weight":0
}
# 3）在mycat58主机运行数据库服务
[root@mycat58 ~]# yum -y  install  mysql-server  mysql  安装软件
[root@mycat58 ~]# systemctl start mysqld 启动服务
[root@mycat58 ~]# mysql  连接服务
mysql> create user plj@"%" identified by "123456";  创建plj用户
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to plj@"%" ;   授予权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)
# 4）启动mycat服务
[root@mycat58 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat help
Usage: /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat { console | start | stop | restart | status | dump }
[root@mycat58 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
Starting mycat2...
# 半分钟左右 能看到端口
[root@mycat58 ~]# netstat  -utnlp  | grep 8066
tcp6       0      0 :::8066  :::*       LISTEN      57015/java 
# 4）连接mycat服务
[root@mycat58 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| `Database`         |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.11 sec)

配置读写分离

# 连接mycat服务
[root@mycat58 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321
# 添加mysql53数据库服务器
MySQL> /*+ mycat:createdatasource{
"name":"whost56", "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.53:3306","user":"plja","password":"123456"}*/;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec)
# 添加mysql54数据库服务器
Mysql>/*+ mycat:createdatasource{
"name":"rhost57", "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.54:3306","user":"plja","password":"123456"}*/;
# 查看数据源
mysql> /*+ mycat:showDataSources{}*/\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                   NAME: whost56
               USERNAME: plja
               PASSWORD: 123456
                MAX_CON: 1000
                MIN_CON: 1
              EXIST_CON: 0
                USE_CON: 0
        MAX_RETRY_COUNT: 5
    MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: 30000
                DB_TYPE: mysql
                    URL: jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.53:3306?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
                 WEIGHT: 0
               INIT_SQL: 
INIT_SQL_GET_CONNECTION: true
          INSTANCE_TYPE: WRITE
           IDLE_TIMEOUT: 60000
                 DRIVER: {
        CreateTime:"2023-09-15 09:05:48",
        ActiveCount:0,
        PoolingCount:1,
        CreateCount:1,
        DestroyCount:0,
        CloseCount:7,
        ConnectCount:7,
        Connections:[
                {ID:225590323, ConnectTime:"2023-09-15 09:05:49", UseCount:7, LastActiveTime:"2023-09-15 09:11:13", LastKeepTimeMillis:"2023-09-15 11:45:49"}
        ]
}
                   TYPE: JDBC
               IS_MYSQL: true
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                   NAME: rhost57
               USERNAME: plja
               PASSWORD: 123456
                MAX_CON: 1000
                MIN_CON: 1
              EXIST_CON: 0
                USE_CON: 0
        MAX_RETRY_COUNT: 5
    MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: 30000
                DB_TYPE: mysql
                    URL: jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.54:3306?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
                 WEIGHT: 0
               INIT_SQL: 
INIT_SQL_GET_CONNECTION: true
          INSTANCE_TYPE: READ
           IDLE_TIMEOUT: 60000
                 DRIVER: {
        CreateTime:"2023-09-15 09:05:48",
        ActiveCount:0,
        PoolingCount:1,
        CreateCount:1,
        DestroyCount:0,
        CloseCount:1,
        ConnectCount:1,
        Connections:[
                {ID:790341182, ConnectTime:"2023-09-15 09:09:50", UseCount:1, LastActiveTime:"2023-09-15 09:09:50", LastKeepTimeMillis:"2023-09-15 11:45:50"}
        ]
}
                   TYPE: JDBC
               IS_MYSQL: true
*************************** 3. row ***************************
                   NAME: prototypeDs
               USERNAME: plj
               PASSWORD: 123456
                MAX_CON: 1000
                MIN_CON: 1
              EXIST_CON: 0
                USE_CON: 0
        MAX_RETRY_COUNT: 5
    MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT: 3000
                DB_TYPE: mysql
                    URL: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mysql?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true
                 WEIGHT: 0
               INIT_SQL: 
INIT_SQL_GET_CONNECTION: true
          INSTANCE_TYPE: READ_WRITE
           IDLE_TIMEOUT: 60000
                 DRIVER: {
        CreateTime:"2023-09-15 09:05:48",
        ActiveCount:0,
        PoolingCount:1,
        CreateCount:2,
        DestroyCount:1,
        CloseCount:44,
        ConnectCount:44,
        Connections:[
                {ID:995139711, ConnectTime:"2023-09-15 09:05:49", UseCount:6, LastActiveTime:"2023-09-15 09:06:51", LastKeepTimeMillis:"2023-09-15 11:45:48"}
        ]
}
                   TYPE: JDBC
               IS_MYSQL: true
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 添加的数据源以文件的形式保存在安装目录下
[root@mycat58 conf]# ls /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/
prototypeDs.datasource.json  rhost57.datasource.json  whost56.datasource.json
# 在53服务器上配置数据库服务器添加plja用户
# 在master服务器添加
[root@mysql56 ~]# mysql 
mysql> create user plja@"%" identified by "123456";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to  plja@"%";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql>exit
[root@mysql56 ~]#
# 在slave服务器查看是否同步成功
[root@mysql57 ~]# mysql -e 'select user , host from mysql.user where user="plja"'
+------+------+
| user | host |
+------+------+
| plja | %    |
+------+------+
# 创建集群,连接mycat服务后做如下配置
[root@mycat58 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321
//创建集群
mysql>/*!mycat:createcluster{
"name":"rwcluster",
"masters":["whost56"],
"replicas":["rhost57"]
}*/ ;
mysql> /*+ mycat:showClusters{}*/\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             NAME: rwcluster
      SWITCH_TYPE: SWITCH
MAX_REQUEST_COUNT: 2000
             TYPE: BALANCE_ALL_READ
         WRITE_DS: whost56
          READ_DS: rhost57
          WRITE_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
           READ_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
        AVAILABLE: true
*************************** 2. row ***************************
             NAME: prototype
      SWITCH_TYPE: SWITCH
MAX_REQUEST_COUNT: 200
             TYPE: BALANCE_ALL
         WRITE_DS: prototypeDs
          READ_DS: prototypeDs
          WRITE_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
           READ_L: io.mycat.plug.loadBalance.BalanceRandom$1
        AVAILABLE: true
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 创建的集群以文件的形式保存在目录下
[root@mycat58 conf]# ls /usr/local/mycat/conf/clusters/
prototype.cluster.json  rwcluster.cluster.json
# 指定主机角色
//修改master角色主机仅负责写访问
[root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/whost56.datasource.json
{
        "dbType":"mysql",
        "idleTimeout":60000,
        "initSqls":[],
        "initSqlsGetConnection":true,
        "instanceType":"WRITE", 仅负责写访问
        "logAbandoned":true,
        "maxCon":1000,
        "maxConnectTimeout":30000,
        "maxRetryCount":5,
        "minCon":1,
        "name":"whost56",
        "password":"123456",
        "queryTimeout":0,
        "removeAbandoned":false,
        "removeAbandonedTimeoutSecond":180,
        "type":"JDBC",
        "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.56:3306?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true",
        "user":"plja",
        "weight":0
}
# 修改slave角色主机仅负责读访问
[root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/rhost57.datasource.json
{
        "dbType":"mysql",
        "idleTimeout":60000,
        "initSqls":[],
        "initSqlsGetConnection":true,
        "instanceType":"READ",仅负责读访问
        "logAbandoned":true,
        "maxCon":1000,
        "maxConnectTimeout":30000,
        "maxRetryCount":5,
        "minCon":1,
        "name":"rhost57",
        "password":"123456",
        "queryTimeout":0,
        "removeAbandoned":false,
        "removeAbandonedTimeoutSecond":180,
        "type":"JDBC",
        "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.57:3306?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true",
        "user":"plja",
        "weight":0
}
# 修改读策略
[root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/clusters/rwcluster.cluster.json 
{
        "clusterType":"MASTER_SLAVE",
        "heartbeat":{
                "heartbeatTimeout":1000,
                "maxRetryCount":3,
                "minSwitchTimeInterval":300,
                "showLog":false,
                "slaveThreshold":0.0
        },
        "masters":[
                "whost56"
        ],
        "maxCon":2000,
        "name":"rwcluster",
        "readBalanceType":"BALANCE_ALL_READ",
        "replicas":[
                "rhost57"
        ],
        "switchType":"SWITCH"
}
# 重启mycat服务
[root@mycat58 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat restart
Stopping mycat2...
Stopped mycat2.
Starting mycat2...

测试配置

1.连接mycat服务建库
2.指定存储数据使用的集群
3.连接mycat服务建表
4.客户端连接mycat服务执行select 或 insert

[root@mycat58 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321 
mysql> create database testdb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
//指定testdb库存储数据使用的集群
[root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schemas/testdb.schema.json
{
        "customTables":{},
        "globalTables":{},
        "normalProcedures":{},
        "normalTables":{},
        "schemaName":"testdb",
        "targetName":"rwcluster", 添加此行,之前创建的集群名rwcluster
        "shardingTables":{},
        "views":{}
}

[root@mycat58 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat restart
//连接mycat服务建表插入记录
[root@client50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.58 -P8066 -umycat -p654321
mysql> create table testdb.user (name varchar(10) , password varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec)
mysql> insert into  testdb.user values("yaya","123456");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.20 sec)
mysql> select  * from testdb.user;
+------+----------+
| name | password |
+------+----------+
| yaya | 123456   |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
# 测试读写分离
# 在从服务器本机插入记录，数据仅在从服务器有，主服务器没有
[root@mysql54 ~]# mysql -e 'insert into testdb.user values ("yayaA","654321")'
[root@mysql54 ~]# mysql -e 'select * from testdb.user'
+-------+----------+
| name  | password |
+-------+----------+
| yaya  | 123456   |
| yayaA | 654321   |
+-------+----------+
# 主服务器数据不变，日志偏移量不不变
[root@mysql53 ~]# mysql -e 'select * from testdb.user'
+------+----------+
| name | password |
+------+----------+
| yaya | 123456   |
+------+----------+
[root@mysql53 ~]# mysql -e 'show master status'
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File           | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql56.000002 |     4514 |              |                  |                   |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
[root@mysql53 ~]#
# 客户端连接mycat服务读/写数据
[root@client50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.58 -P8066 -umycat -p654321
mysql> select  * from testdb.user; 查看到的是2条记录的行
+-------+----------+
| name  | password |
+-------+----------+
| yaya  | 123456   |
| yayaA | 654321   |
+-------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.04 sec)
mysql> insert into testdb.user values("yayaB","123456"); 插入记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> select  * from testdb.user;
+-------+----------+
| name  | password |
+-------+----------+
| yaya  | 123456   |
| yayaB | 123456   |
+-------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
# 在主服务器查看数据和日志偏移量
[root@mysql53 ~]# mysql -e 'select * from testdb.user'
+-------+----------+
| name  | password |
+-------+----------+
| yaya  | 123456   |
| yayaB | 123456   |
+-------+----------+
[root@mysql53 ~]# mysql -e 'show master status'
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File           | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql56.000002 |     4807 |              |                  |                   |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
# 客户端连接mycat服务查看到的是3条记录
[root@client50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.58 -P8066 -umycat -p654321 -e 'select  * from testdb.user'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------+----------+
| name  | password |
+-------+----------+
| yaya  | 123456   |
| yayaA | 654321   |
| yayaB | 123456   |
+-------+----------+