Go 锁扩展

TryLock

• 源码中自带的(我的go是 1.20版本)
• TryLock 会尝试获取锁，如果获取不到返回false，并不会进行休眠阻塞(和 Lock的主要区别)

func (m *Mutex) TryLock() bool {
	old := m.state
    // 如果被锁或者进入饥饿模式直接放弃
	if old&(mutexLocked|mutexStarving) != 0 {
		return false
	}

    //竞争锁失败
	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&m.state, old, old|mutexLocked) {
		return false
	}

	if race.Enabled {
		race.Acquire(unsafe.Pointer(m))
	}
	return true
}

统计 goroutine数量

• 由于state 是sync.Mutex的第一个属性，所以可以通过 unsafe.Pointer(&m.Mutex) 获取
• state 含义请看文章 Go锁演进 (第一位代表锁状态，第二位代表唤醒状态，第三位代表饥饿状态，其余代表goroutine数量)

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"
	"unsafe"
)

const (
	mutexLocked = 1 << iota // mutex is locked
	mutexWoken
	mutexStarving
	mutexWaiterShift = iota
)

type Mutex struct {
	sync.Mutex
}

//获取goroutine数
func (m *Mutex) GetGoroutineNumber() int {
    //由于state是sync.Mutex的第一个属性，所以可以通过 unsafe.Pointer(&m.Mutex) 获取
	val := atomic.LoadUint32((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&m.Mutex)))
	return int(val&mutexLocked + val>>mutexWaiterShift)
}

var m Mutex

func main() {
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		go func() {
			m.Lock()
			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
			m.Unlock()
		}()
	}

	go func() {
		ticker := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Second)
		defer ticker.Stop()
		for {
			select {
			case <-ticker.C:
				fmt.Println(m.GetGoroutineNumber())
			}
		}
	}()

	time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
}

读写锁

• 读写锁采用的是写锁优先的模式
• 当获取写锁时(T1时刻),如果在T1之前已经有goroutine获取到读锁, 写锁进入阻塞等待，等待T1之前的读锁全部释放后再唤醒。T1之后的读锁会全部阻塞进入等待，等待写锁释放在执行读锁

读锁

• readerCount 为负数代表有写锁等待
• 有写锁等待的情况下, readerCount 为负数，readerWait 为正 (看读锁的 Lock 逻辑)
• 在写锁等待的情况下, readerCount + 1, readerWait -1

type RWMutex struct {
	w           Mutex  // held if there are pending writers
	writerSem   uint32 // semaphore for writers to wait for completing readers
	readerSem   uint32 // semaphore for readers to wait for completing writers
	readerCount int32  // number of pending readers
	readerWait  int32  // number of departing readers
}

func (rw *RWMutex) RLock() {
    //竞态忽略
	if race.Enabled {
		_ = rw.w.state
		race.Disable()
	}

    //如果当前的reader等待数 +1 < 0,说明有写操作需要获取锁，阻塞读，等待唤醒
	if atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerCount, 1) < 0 {
		runtime_SemacquireMutex(&rw.readerSem, false, 0)
	}

    //竞态忽略
	if race.Enabled {
		race.Enable()
		race.Acquire(unsafe.Pointer(&rw.readerSem))
	}
}

func (rw *RWMutex) RUnlock() {
    //竞态忽略
	if race.Enabled {
		_ = rw.w.state
		race.ReleaseMerge(unsafe.Pointer(&rw.writerSem))
		race.Disable()
	}
	if r := atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerCount, -1); r < 0 {
		//有写等待
		rw.rUnlockSlow(r)
	}
    //竞态忽略
	if race.Enabled {
		race.Enable()
	}
}

func (rw *RWMutex) rUnlockSlow(r int32) {
    //重复解锁情况下
	if r+1 == 0 || r+1 == -rwmutexMaxReaders {
		race.Enable()
		throw("sync: RUnlock of unlocked RWMutex")
	}
	
	if atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerWait, -1) == 0 {
		//如果写之前的读都完成了。那么写可以开始干活了
		runtime_Semrelease(&rw.writerSem, false, 1)
	}
}

写锁

• 写锁获取锁之前，发现还有读锁，会将 readerCount - rwmutexMaxReaders 得到一个 负值 readerCount代表写锁等待
• 写锁释放后，会将 readerCount + rwmutexMaxReaders 变成写锁等待状态

func (rw *RWMutex) Lock() {
    //竞态忽略
	if race.Enabled {
		_ = rw.w.state
		race.Disable()
	}
	//写锁复用的sync.Mutex
	rw.w.Lock()
	
    //变成负的来表示写操作要入场了 
	r := atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerCount, -rwmutexMaxReaders) + rwmutexMaxReaders
	//读还在占用锁，写还是需要等待,维护写操作需要等待的读操作数量(readerWait)
	if r != 0 && atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerWait, r) != 0 {
		runtime_SemacquireMutex(&rw.writerSem, false, 0)
	}
     //竞态忽略
	if race.Enabled {
		race.Enable()
		race.Acquire(unsafe.Pointer(&rw.readerSem))
		race.Acquire(unsafe.Pointer(&rw.writerSem))
	}
}

func (rw *RWMutex) Unlock() {
     //竞态忽略
	if race.Enabled {
		_ = rw.w.state
		race.Release(unsafe.Pointer(&rw.readerSem))
		race.Disable()
	}

	//重复解锁
	r := atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerCount, rwmutexMaxReaders)
	if r >= rwmutexMaxReaders {
		race.Enable()
		throw("sync: Unlock of unlocked RWMutex")
	}
	//把写期间的goroutine给他调用了
	for i := 0; i < int(r); i++ {
		runtime_Semrelease(&rw.readerSem, false, 0)
	}
	// Allow other writers to proceed.
	rw.w.Unlock()

     //竞态忽略
	if race.Enabled {
		race.Enable()
	}
}

常见死锁情况

写锁重入

读写锁的的写锁是基于 sync.Mutex

package main

import (
	"sync"
)

var s sync.RWMutex

func main() {
	s.Lock()
	s.Lock()
}

写锁中调用读锁

在 Rlock 后面的 Lock 会阻塞等待 RUnlock，而 RUnlock又被 Lock阻塞，故此死锁

	s.RLock()
	s.Lock()
	s.RUnlock()
	s.Unlock()

循环依赖

• 16 行程序开始获取到读锁(第一个读)
• 27 行程序 1秒后写锁入场，写锁依赖 16行中的Rlock(等待第一个读释放锁)
• 18 行程序2秒后读锁入场，读锁依赖27行的 Lock(等待写获取锁并释放)
• 16 行程序想解锁，依赖 18行的读锁 (等待第二个锁先释放(第二个读是在写锁等待之后入场，所以会阻塞)，然后才能释放第一个锁)

上面就是下面代码死锁流程

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

var s sync.RWMutex
var w sync.WaitGroup

func main() {
	w.Add(3)

	go func() {
		s.RLock()
		time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
		s.RLock()
		w.Done()
		s.RUnlock()
		w.Done()
		s.RUnlock()
	}()

	go func() {
		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
		s.Lock()
		w.Done()
		s.Unlock()
	}()

	w.Wait()
	fmt.Println("凉凉")
}