灯下夜无眠
灯下夜无眠

第十一章 KNN模型

# 导入第三方包
import pandas as pd
# 导入数据
Knowledge = pd.read_excel(r'Knowledge.xlsx')
# 返回前5行数据
Knowledge.head()
STG SCG STR LPR PEG UNS
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Very Low
1 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.24 0.90 High
2 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.25 0.33 Low
3 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.65 0.30 Middle
4 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.98 0.24 Low 
# 构造训练集和测试集
# 导入第三方模块
from sklearn import model_selection
# 将数据集拆分为训练集和测试集
predictors = Knowledge.columns[:-1]
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = model_selection.train_test_split(Knowledge[predictors], Knowledge.UNS, 
                                                                    test_size = 0.25, random_state = 1234)

import numpy as np
np.ceil(np.log2(Knowledge.shape[0]))

9.0

# 导入第三方模块
import numpy as np
from sklearn import neighbors
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 设置待测试的不同k值
K = np.arange(1,np.ceil(np.log2(Knowledge.shape[0])))
# 构建空的列表，用于存储平均准确率
accuracy = []
for k in K:
    # 使用10重交叉验证的方法，比对每一个k值下KNN模型的预测准确率
    cv_result = model_selection.cross_val_score(neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors = int(k), weights = 'distance'), 
                                                X_train, y_train, cv = 10, scoring='accuracy')
    accuracy.append(cv_result.mean())

# 从k个平均准确率中挑选出最大值所对应的下标    
arg_max = np.array(accuracy).argmax()
# 中文和负号的正常显示
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
# 绘制不同K值与平均预测准确率之间的折线图
plt.plot(K, accuracy)
# 添加点图
plt.scatter(K, accuracy)
# 添加文字说明
plt.text(K[arg_max], accuracy[arg_max], '最佳k值为%s' %int(K[arg_max]))
# 显示图形
plt.show()



# 导入第三方模块
from sklearn import metrics

# 重新构建模型，并将最佳的近邻个数设置为6
knn_class = neighbors.KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors = 6, weights = 'distance')
# 模型拟合
knn_class.fit(X_train, y_train)
# 模型在测试数据集上的预测
predict = knn_class.predict(X_test)
# 构建混淆矩阵
cm = pd.crosstab(predict,y_test)
cm
UNS High Low Middle Very Low
row_0
High 29 0 0 0
Low 0 34 3 5
Middle 1 0 23 0
Very Low 0 0 0 6 
# 导入第三方模块
import seaborn as sns

# 将混淆矩阵构造成数据框，并加上字段名和行名称，用于行或列的含义说明
cm = pd.DataFrame(cm)
# 绘制热力图
sns.heatmap(cm, annot = True,cmap = 'GnBu')
# 添加x轴和y轴的标签
plt.xlabel(' Real Lable')
plt.ylabel(' Predict Lable')
# 图形显示
plt.show()

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C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ydqS1aPK-1608687935317)(output_5_1.png)]

# 模型整体的预测准确率
metrics.scorer.accuracy_score(y_test, predict)

0.9108910891089109

# 分类模型的评估报告
print(metrics.classification_report(y_test, predict))

             precision    recall  f1-score   support

       High       1.00      0.97      0.98        30
        Low       0.81      1.00      0.89        34
     Middle       0.96      0.88      0.92        26
   Very Low       1.00      0.55      0.71        11

avg / total       0.93      0.91      0.91       101



# 读入数据
ccpp = pd.read_excel(r'CCPP.xlsx')
ccpp.head()
AT V AP RH PE
0 14.96 41.76 1024.07 73.17 463.26
1 25.18 62.96 1020.04 59.08 444.37
2 5.11 39.40 1012.16 92.14 488.56
3 20.86 57.32 1010.24 76.64 446.48
4 10.82 37.50 1009.23 96.62 473.90 
# 返回数据集的行数与列数
ccpp.shape

(9568, 5)

# 导入第三方包
from sklearn.preprocessing import minmax_scale
# 对所有自变量数据作标准化处理
predictors = ccpp.columns[:-1]
X = minmax_scale(ccpp[predictors])

# 将数据集拆分为训练集和测试集
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = model_selection.train_test_split(X, ccpp.PE, 
                                                                    test_size = 0.25, random_state = 1234)

# 设置待测试的不同k值
K = np.arange(1,np.ceil(np.log2(ccpp.shape[0])))
# 构建空的列表，用于存储平均MSE
mse = []
for k in K:
    # 使用10重交叉验证的方法，比对每一个k值下KNN模型的计算MSE
    cv_result = model_selection.cross_val_score(neighbors.KNeighborsRegressor(n_neighbors = int(k), weights = 'distance'), 
                                                X_train, y_train, cv = 10, scoring='neg_mean_squared_error')
    mse.append((-1*cv_result).mean())

# 从k个平均MSE中挑选出最小值所对应的下标  
arg_min = np.array(mse).argmin()
# 绘制不同K值与平均MSE之间的折线图
plt.plot(K, mse)
# 添加点图
plt.scatter(K, mse)
# 添加文字说明
plt.text(K[arg_min], mse[arg_min] + 0.5, '最佳k值为%s' %int(K[arg_min]))
# 显示图形
plt.show()

C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
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  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
C:\Users\12048\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\font_manager.py:1331: UserWarning: findfont: Font family ['sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans
  (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-r38K3LR7-1608687935321)(output_13_1.png)]

# 重新构建模型，并将最佳的近邻个数设置为7
knn_reg = neighbors.KNeighborsRegressor(n_neighbors = 7, weights = 'distance')
# 模型拟合
knn_reg.fit(X_train, y_train)
# 模型在测试集上的预测
predict = knn_reg.predict(X_test)
# 计算MSE值
metrics.mean_squared_error(y_test, predict)

12.814094947334913

# 对比真实值和实际值
pd.DataFrame({
     'Real':y_test,'Predict':predict}, columns=['Real','Predict']).head(10)
Real Predict
2620 435.68 437.677598
6998 442.90 443.101594
2857 449.01 448.758681
6510 449.75 445.560046
5368 455.20 453.010541
3486 453.49 455.462162
6251 479.14 476.543251
5548 446.71 445.576955
2266 429.80 430.824836
5615 474.40 474.400000 
# 导入第三方模块
from sklearn import tree

# 预设各参数的不同选项值
max_depth = [19,21,23,25,27]
min_samples_split = [2,4,6,8]
min_samples_leaf = [2,4,8,10,12]
parameters = {
     'max_depth':max_depth, 'min_samples_split':min_samples_split, 'min_samples_leaf':min_samples_leaf}
# 网格搜索法，测试不同的参数值
grid_dtreg = model_selection.GridSearchCV(estimator = tree.DecisionTreeRegressor(), param_grid = parameters, cv=10)
# 模型拟合
grid_dtreg.fit(X_train, y_train)
# 返回最佳组合的参数值
grid_dtreg.best_params_

{'max_depth': 19, 'min_samples_leaf': 10, 'min_samples_split': 4}

# 构建用于回归的决策树
CART_Reg = tree.DecisionTreeRegressor(max_depth = 21, min_samples_leaf = 10, min_samples_split = 6)
# 回归树拟合
CART_Reg.fit(X_train, y_train)
# 模型在测试集上的预测
pred = CART_Reg.predict(X_test)
# 计算衡量模型好坏的MSE值
metrics.mean_squared_error(y_test, pred)

16.14372022814816

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