Docker(三)----Dockerfile搭建Nginx环境与文件挂载
1.Dockerfile文件
# This my first nginx Dockerfile
# Version 1.0
# Base images 基础镜像
FROM centos:centos7
#MAINTAINER 维护者信息
MAINTAINER fendo [email protected]
#ADD 获取url中的文件,放在当前目录下
ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz .
#RUN 执行以下命令
RUN yum install -y pcre-devel wget net-tools gcc zlib zlib-devel make openssl-devel
RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
RUN tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx
RUN cd nginx-1.14.0 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
RUN ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
#EXPOSE 映射端口
EXPOSE 80
#CMD 运行以下命令
CMD ["nginx"]2、执行构建镜像命令
[root@swarm01 docker]# docker build --rm --tag centos_nginx:centos7 .
3、查看镜像是否安装构建成功
[root@swarm01 docker]# docker images
4、启动容器
可以通过以下两种方式启动容器:
不挂载文件:
docker run -i -t -d -p 192.168.182.110:80:80 centos_nginx /bin/bash
挂载文件:
docker run \
--name centos_nginx \
-d -p 80:80 \
-v /home/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-v /home/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
-v /home/nginx/nginx.conf:/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf:ro \
-v /home/nginx/conf.d:/usr/local/nginx/conf.d \
nginx注意:
(1)第一个"-v",是项目位置,把项目放到挂载到的目录下即可；
(2)第二个"-v",是挂载的主配置文件"nginx.conf",注意"nginx.conf"文件内有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;"，这个include指向了子配置文件的路径，此处注意include后所跟的路径一定不要出错。
(3)第三个"-v",把docker内子配置文件的路径也挂载了出来,注意要与(2)中include指向路径一致
(4)重点强调一下,nginx.conf是挂载了一个文件(docker是不推荐这样用的),conf.d挂载的是一个目录
启动成功之后如下:
5.在系统中创建Nginx配置文件
通过上面的命令启动之后，会在/home/nginx目录下多出以下文件
这些文件就是与Docker容器共享的配置文件，在nginx.conf目录下创建Nginx配置文件nginx.conf,内容如下:
user root;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
autoindex on;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
client_max_body_size 100M;
client_header_buffer_size 128k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 128k;
} 然后在conf.d目录下创建default.conf文件，内容如下:
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /home/nginx/html/fendo;
index index.html index.htm;
autoindex on;
try_files $uri /index/index/page.html;
#try_files $uri /index/map/page.html;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}然后在/home/nginx/fendo目录下创建Index.html文件,内容为:
Welcome to nginx! This is a demo!
*********************************** Welcome to nginx! Fendo ***********************************
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
修改好之后，重启下Nginx
[root@swarm01 conf.d]# docker restart centos_nginx
centos_nginx6.测试Nginx
访问http://192.168.182.110/fendo/效果如下:
7.一些错误
7.1、访问 curl http://192.168.182.110/fendo/出现拒绝连接,解决方法就是进入容器 docker exec -i -t centos_nginx /bin/sh接着在容器里面执行（直接输入即可）nginx 启动Nginx。
7.2、如过挂载Nginx文件时报错，基本就是路径的问题。
unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type