web服务器 web框架支持WSGI
实现流程如下
面向对象实现http服务器
import socket
import re
import multiprocessing
class WSGIServer(object):
def __init__(self):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 2. 绑定
self.tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
def service_client(self, new_socket):
"""为这个客户端返回数据"""
# 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
# GET / HTTP/1.1
# .....
request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# print(">>>"*50)
# print(request)
request_lines = request.splitlines()
print("")
print(">"*20)
print(request_lines)
# GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
# get post put del
file_name = ""
ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
file_name = ret.group(1)
# print("*"*50, file_name)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器
try:
f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
except:
response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
response += "------file not found-----"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
else:
html_content = f.read()
f.close()
# 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
# 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
# response += "hahahhah"
# 将response header发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 将response body发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(html_content)
# 关闭套接
new_socket.close()
def run_forever(self):
"""用来完成整体的控制"""
while True:
# 4. 等待新客户端的链接
new_socket, client_addr = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()
# 5. 为这个客户端服务
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.service_client, args=(new_socket,))
p.start()
new_socket.close()
# 关闭监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.close()
def main():
"""控制整体，创建一个web 服务器对象，然后调用这个对象的run_forever方法运行"""
wsgi_server = WSGIServer()
wsgi_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
web服务器里集成动态请求动态请求功能
import socket
import re
import multiprocessing
import time
class WSGIServer(object):
def __init__(self):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 2. 绑定
self.tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
def service_client(self, new_socket):
"""为这个客户端返回数据"""
# 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
# GET / HTTP/1.1
# .....
request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# print(">>>"*50)
# print(request)
request_lines = request.splitlines()
print("")
print(">"*20)
print(request_lines)
# GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
# get post put del
file_name = ""
ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
file_name = ret.group(1)
# print("*"*50, file_name)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器
# 2.1 如果请求的资源不是以.py结尾，那么就认为是静态资源（html/css/js/png，jpg等）
if not file_name.endswith(".py"):
try:
f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
except:
response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
response += "------file not found-----"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
else:
html_content = f.read()
f.close()
# 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
# 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
# response += "hahahhah"
# 将response header发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 将response body发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(html_content)
else:
# 2.2 如果是以.py结尾，那么就认为是动态资源的请求
header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
header += "\r\n"
body = "hahahah %s " % time.ctime()
response = header+body
# 发送response给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 关闭套接
new_socket.close()
def run_forever(self):
"""用来完成整体的控制"""
while True:
# 4. 等待新客户端的链接
new_socket, client_addr = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()
# 5. 为这个客户端服务
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.service_client, args=(new_socket,))
p.start()
new_socket.close()
# 关闭监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.close()
def main():
"""控制整体，创建一个web 服务器对象，然后调用这个对象的run_forever方法运行"""
wsgi_server = WSGIServer()
wsgi_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
将动态请求的逻辑处理代码与服务器分开
web_sever.py
import socket
import re
import multiprocessing
import time
import mini_frame
class WSGIServer(object):
def __init__(self):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 2. 绑定
self.tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
def service_client(self, new_socket):
"""为这个客户端返回数据"""
# 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
# GET / HTTP/1.1
# .....
request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# print(">>>"*50)
# print(request)
request_lines = request.splitlines()
print("")
print(">"*20)
print(request_lines)
# GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
# get post put del
file_name = ""
ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
file_name = ret.group(1)
# print("*"*50, file_name)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器
# 2.1 如果请求的资源不是以.py结尾，那么就认为是静态资源（html/css/js/png，jpg等）
if not file_name.endswith(".py"):
try:
f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
except:
response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
response += "------file not found-----"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
else:
html_content = f.read()
f.close()
# 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
# 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
# response += "hahahhah"
# 将response header发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 将response body发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(html_content)
else:
# 2.2 如果是以.py结尾，那么就认为是动态资源的请求
header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
header += "\r\n"
# body = "hahahah %s " % time.ctime()
# if file_name == "/login.py":
# body = mini_frame.login()
# elif file_name == "/register.py":
# body = mini_frame.register()
body = mini_frame.application(file_name)
response = header+body
# 发送response给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 关闭套接
new_socket.close()
def run_forever(self):
"""用来完成整体的控制"""
while True:
# 4. 等待新客户端的链接
new_socket, client_addr = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()
# 5. 为这个客户端服务
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.service_client, args=(new_socket,))
p.start()
new_socket.close()
# 关闭监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.close()
def main():
"""控制整体，创建一个web 服务器对象，然后调用这个对象的run_forever方法运行"""
wsgi_server = WSGIServer()
wsgi_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
mini_frame.py
import time
def login():
return "i----login--welcome hahahh to our website.......time:%s" % time.ctime()
def register():
return "-----register---welcome hahahh to our website.......time:%s" % time.ctime()
def profile():
return "-----profile----welcome hahahh to our website.......time:%s" % time.ctime()
def application(file_name):
if file_name == "/login.py":
return login()
elif file_name == "/register.py":
return register()
else:
return "not found you page...."
WSGI
简介
WSGI允许开发者将选择web框架和web服务器分开。可以混合匹配web服务 器和web框架，选择⼀个适合的配对。
定义WSGI接口
WSGI接⼝定义⾮常简单，它只要求Web开发者实现⼀个函数，就可以响应 HTTP请求。我们来看⼀个最简单的Web版本的“Hello World!”：
def application(environ, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')])
return 'Hello World! 我爱你中国....'
上⾯的 application() 函数就是符合WSGI标准的⼀个HTTP处理函数，它 接收两个参数：
- environ：⼀个包含所有HTTP请求信息的dict对象；
- start_response：⼀个发送HTTP响应的函数。
整个 application() 函数本身没有涉及到任何解析HTTP的部分，也就是 说，把底层web服务器解析部分和应⽤程序逻辑部分进⾏了分离，这样开发 者就可以专⼼做⼀个领域了
不过，等等，这个 application() 函数怎么调⽤？如果我们⾃⼰调⽤，两 个参数environ和start_response我们没法提供，返回的str也没法发给浏览 器。
所以 application() 函数必须由WSGI服务器来调⽤。有很多符合WSGI规 范的服务器。⽽我们此时的web服务器项⽬的⽬的就是做⼀个既能解析静态 ⽹⻚还可以解析动态⽹⻚的服务器
让web服务器支持WSGI—1
web_server.py
import socket
import re
import multiprocessing
import time
import mini_frame
class WSGIServer(object):
def __init__(self):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 2. 绑定
self.tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
def service_client(self, new_socket):
"""为这个客户端返回数据"""
# 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
# GET / HTTP/1.1
# .....
request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# print(">>>"*50)
# print(request)
request_lines = request.splitlines()
print("")
print(">"*20)
print(request_lines)
# GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
# get post put del
file_name = ""
ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
file_name = ret.group(1)
# print("*"*50, file_name)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器
# 2.1 如果请求的资源不是以.py结尾，那么就认为是静态资源（html/css/js/png，jpg等）
if not file_name.endswith(".py"):
try:
f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
except:
response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
response += "------file not found-----"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
else:
html_content = f.read()
f.close()
# 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
# 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
# response += "hahahhah"
# 将response header发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 将response body发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(html_content)
else:
# 2.2 如果是以.py结尾，那么就认为是动态资源的请求
env = dict()
body = mini_frame.application(env, self.set_response_header)
header = "HTTP/1.1 %s\r\n" % self.status
for temp in self.headers:
header += "%s:%s\r\n" % (temp[0], temp[1])
header += "\r\n"
response = header+body
# 发送response给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 关闭套接
new_socket.close()
def set_response_header(self, status, headers):
self.status = status
self.headers = [("server", "mini_web v8.8")]
self.headers += headers
def run_forever(self):
"""用来完成整体的控制"""
while True:
# 4. 等待新客户端的链接
new_socket, client_addr = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()
# 5. 为这个客户端服务
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.service_client, args=(new_socket,))
p.start()
new_socket.close()
# 关闭监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.close()
def main():
"""控制整体，创建一个web 服务器对象，然后调用这个对象的run_forever方法运行"""
wsgi_server = WSGIServer()
wsgi_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
mini_frame.py
def application(environ, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')])
return 'Hello World! 我爱你中国....'
通过传递字典实现浏览器不一样的资源请求
web_server.py
import socket
import re
import multiprocessing
import time
import mini_frame
class WSGIServer(object):
def __init__(self):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 2. 绑定
self.tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
def service_client(self, new_socket):
"""为这个客户端返回数据"""
# 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
# GET / HTTP/1.1
# .....
request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# print(">>>"*50)
# print(request)
request_lines = request.splitlines()
print("")
print(">"*20)
print(request_lines)
# GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
# get post put del
file_name = ""
ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
file_name = ret.group(1)
# print("*"*50, file_name)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器
# 2.1 如果请求的资源不是以.py结尾，那么就认为是静态资源（html/css/js/png，jpg等）
if not file_name.endswith(".py"):
try:
f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
except:
response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
response += "------file not found-----"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
else:
html_content = f.read()
f.close()
# 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
# 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
# response += "hahahhah"
# 将response header发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 将response body发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(html_content)
else:
# 2.2 如果是以.py结尾，那么就认为是动态资源的请求
env = dict() # 这个字典中存放的是web服务器要传递给 web框架的数据信息
env['PATH_INFO'] = file_name
# {"PATH_INFO": "/index.py"}
body = mini_frame.application(env, self.set_response_header)
header = "HTTP/1.1 %s\r\n" % self.status
for temp in self.headers:
header += "%s:%s\r\n" % (temp[0], temp[1])
header += "\r\n"
response = header+body
# 发送response给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 关闭套接
new_socket.close()
def set_response_header(self, status, headers):
self.status = status
self.headers = [("server", "mini_web v8.8")]
self.headers += headers
def run_forever(self):
"""用来完成整体的控制"""
while True:
# 4. 等待新客户端的链接
new_socket, client_addr = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()
# 5. 为这个客户端服务
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.service_client, args=(new_socket,))
p.start()
new_socket.close()
# 关闭监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.close()
def main():
"""控制整体，创建一个web 服务器对象，然后调用这个对象的run_forever方法运行"""
wsgi_server = WSGIServer()
wsgi_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
mini_frame.py
def index():
return "这是主页"
def login():
return "这是登录页面"
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')])
file_name = env['PATH_INFO']
# file_name = "/index.py"
if file_name == "/index.py":
return index()
elif file_name == "/login.py":
return login()
else:
return 'Hello World! 我爱你中国....'
实现模板文件
web_server.py
import socket
import re
import multiprocessing
import time
import dynamic.mini_frame
class WSGIServer(object):
def __init__(self):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
# 2. 绑定
self.tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
def service_client(self, new_socket):
"""为这个客户端返回数据"""
# 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
# GET / HTTP/1.1
# .....
request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# print(">>>"*50)
# print(request)
request_lines = request.splitlines()
print("")
print(">"*20)
print(request_lines)
# GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
# get post put del
file_name = ""
ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
file_name = ret.group(1)
# print("*"*50, file_name)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器
# 2.1 如果请求的资源不是以.py结尾，那么就认为是静态资源（html/css/js/png，jpg等）
if not file_name.endswith(".py"):
try:
f = open("./static" + file_name, "rb")
except:
response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
response += "------file not found-----"
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
else:
html_content = f.read()
f.close()
# 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response += "\r\n"
# 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
# response += "hahahhah"
# 将response header发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 将response ic.mini_frame.applicationbody发送给浏览器
new_socket.send(html_content)
else:
# 2.2 如果是以.py结尾，那么就认为是动态资源的请求
env = dict() # 这个字典中存放的是web服务器要传递给 web框架的数据信息
env['PATH_INFO'] = file_name
# {"PATH_INFO": "/index.py"}
body = dynamic.mini_frame.application(env, self.set_response_header)
header = "HTTP/1.1 %s\r\n" % self.status
for temp in self.headers:
header += "%s:%s\r\n" % (temp[0], temp[1])
header += "\r\n"
response = header+body
# 发送response给浏览器
new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
# 关闭套接
new_socket.close()
def set_response_header(self, status, headers):
self.status = status
self.headers = [("server", "mini_web v8.8")]
self.headers += headers
def run_forever(self):
"""用来完成整体的控制"""
while True:
# 4. 等待新客户端的链接
new_socket, client_addr = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()
# 5. 为这个客户端服务
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.service_client, args=(new_socket,))
p.start()
new_socket.close()
# 关闭监听套接字
self.tcp_server_socket.close()
def main():
"""控制整体，创建一个web 服务器对象，然后调用这个对象的run_forever方法运行"""
wsgi_server = WSGIServer()
wsgi_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
mini_frame.py
def index():
with open("./templates/index.html") as f:
content = f.read()
return content
def center():
with open("./templates/center.html") as f:
return f.read()
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')])
file_name = env['PATH_INFO']
# file_name = "/index.py"
if file_name == "/index.py":
return index()
elif file_name == "/center.py":
return center()
else:
return 'Hello World! 我爱你中国....'
替换模板文件中的数据
import re
def index():
with open("./templates/index.html") as f:
content = f.read()
my_stock_info = "哈哈哈哈 这是你的本月名称....."
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", my_stock_info, content)
return content
def center():
with open("./templates/center.html") as f:
content = f.read()
my_stock_info = "这里是从mysql查询出来的数据。。。"
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", my_stock_info, content)
return content
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')])
file_name = env['PATH_INFO']
# file_name = "/index.py"
if file_name == "/index.py":
return index()
elif file_name == "/center.py":
return center()
else:
return 'Hello World! 我爱你中国....'
请求流程
浏览器第一次访问服务器：服务器把请求扔给框架，框架打开模板，框架打开数据库里的请求查询数据，把读到的模板的信息和从数据库里查询的信息进行替换然后组成一个body，通过调用服务器里的某个函数给他设置header， 通过return把body返回，服务器把header和body合在一起返回给浏览器。
浏览器第二次访问服务器：浏览器发现在返回的页面中还需要一个 .css文件，浏览器第二次访问服务器，不是 .py文件，直接从硬盘读取（不进入框架）