create table student(
id int unsigned primary key auto_increment,
name char(10) not null
);
insert into student(name) values('张三'),('李四');
create table course(
id int unsigned primary key auto_increment,
name char(20) not null
);
insert into course(name) values('语文'),('数学');
create table student_course(
sid int unsigned,
cid int unsigned,
score int unsigned not null,
foreign key (sid) references student(id),
foreign key (cid) references course(id),
primary key(sid, cid)
);
insert into student_course values(1,1,80),(1,2,90),(2,1,90),(2,2,70);
select id,name
from student
where name in (
select name from student group by name having(count(*) > 1)
) order by name;
2.在student_course表中查询平均分不及格的学生,列出学生id和平均分
select sid,avg(score) as avg_score
from student_course
group by sid having(avg_score<60);
group by和having是最常考的。 where子句中不能用聚集函数作为条件表达式,但是having短语可以,where和having的区别在于对用对象不同,where作用于记录,having作用于组。
3.在student_course表中查询每门课成绩都不低于80的学生id
select distinct sid
from student_course
where sid not in (
select sid from student_course
where score < 80);
4.查询每个学生的总成绩,结果列出学生姓名和总成绩 如果使用下面的sql会过滤掉没有成绩的人
select name,sum(score) total
from student,student_course
where student.id=student_course.sid
group by sid;
5.总成绩最高的学生,结果列出学生id和总成绩 下面的sql效率很低,因为要重复计算所有的总成绩。
select sid,sum(score) as sum_score
from student_course group by sid
order by sum_score desc limit 1;
或者
select sid,sum(score) as sum_score
from student_course group by sid having sum_score>=all
(select sum(score) from student_course group by sid);
6.在student_course表查询课程1成绩第2高的学生,如果第2高的不止一个则列出所有的学生
select score from student_course where cid = 1 group by score order by score desc limit 1,1;
select * from student_course
where cid=1 and score = (
select score from student_course where cid = 1 group by score order by score desc limit 1,1
);
7.在student_course表查询各科成绩最高的学生,结果列出学生id、课程id和对应的成绩
select * from student_course as x where score>=
(select max(score) from student_course as y where cid=x.cid);
相关嵌套查询也就是在进行内层查询的时候需要用到外层查询,有一些注意事项:
8.在student_course表中查询每门课的前2名,结果按课程id升序,同一课程按成绩降序
select * from student_course x where
2>(select count(*) from student_course y where y.cid=x.cid and y.score>x.score)
order by cid,score desc;
这也是一个相关嵌套查询,对于每一个分数,如果同一门课程下只有0个、1个分数比这个分数还高,那么这个分数肯定是前2名之一
9.一个叫team的表,里面只有一个字段name,一共有4条纪录,分别是a,b,c,d,对应四个球队,两两进行比赛,用一条sql语句显示所有可能的比赛组合
select a.name, b.name
from team a, team b
where a.name < b.name
10.
题目:数据库中有一张如下所示的表,表名为sales。
年 | 季度 | 销售 |
---|---|---|
1991 | 1 | 11 |
1991 | 2 | 12 |
1991 | 3 | 13 |
1991 | 4 | 14 |
1992 | 1 | 21 |
1992 | 2 | 22 |
1992 | 3 | 23 |
1992 | 4 | 24 |
要求:写一个SQL语句查询出如下所示的结果。
年 | 一季度 | 二季度 | 三季度 | 四季度 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1991 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
1992 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
select 年,
sum(case when 季度=1 then 销售量 else 0 end) as 一季度,
sum(case when 季度=2 then 销售量 else 0 end) as 二季度,
sum(case when 季度=3 then 销售量 else 0 end) as 三季度,
sum(case when 季度=4 then 销售量 else 0 end) as 四季度
from sales group by 年;
同理,如果要查询每个人的每门课的成绩可以使用如下sql
create view temp as select student.name as sname,course.name as cname,score
from student_course join (student,course)
on(student_course.sid=student.id and student_course.cid=course.id)
;
select sname,
sum(case when cname='语文' then score else 0 end) as 语文,
sum(case when cname='数学' then score else 0 end) as 数学
from temp
group by sname;