Shiro是如何进行权限管理
1、Shiro简介
1.1 什么是Shiro
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Apache Shiro 是一个Java的安全框架
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Shiro可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用，其不仅可以使用在JavaSE环境，也可以用在JavaEE环境
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Shiro可以完成，认证，授权，加密，会话管理，Web集成 ，缓存等方面
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下载地址：http://shiro.apache.org/download.html
1.2 有哪些功能
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Authentication：身份认证、登陆、验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份
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Authorization：授权，即权限验证，验证某个已认证的用户是不是拥有某个权限，即判断用户能否进行什么操作，如：验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色，或者细粒度的验证某个用户是否对某个资源有某个权限！
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Session Manager：会话管理，即用户登陆后就是第一次会话，在没有退出之前，它的所有信息都在会话中，会话是可以普通的JAVA环境，也可以是Web环境
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Cryptography：加密，保护数据的安全性，如密码存储到数据库中，而不是明文存储
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Web Support：Web支持，可以非常容易的集成到Web环境
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Caching：缓存，比如用户登陆后，用户信息，拥有的角色，权限不必每次去查，这样可以提高效率
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Concurrency：Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证，即：在一个线程中开启另一个线程，能把权限自动的传递过去
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Testing：提供测试支持
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Run As:允许一个用户假装成另一个用户的身份访问
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Remember Me：记住我，这个非常常见的功能，即一次登陆后，下次再来的话可以不用登陆
1.3 Shiro架构
从外部来看Shiro，即应用程序角度来观察如何使用Shiro完成工作；
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subject:应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject，也就是说Shiro对外API的核心就是Subject，Subject代表了当前的用户，这个用户不一定是具体的人，与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject，如：网络爬虫，机器人等，与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager；Subject其实是一个门面，SecurityManager才是实际的执行者
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SecurityManager：安全管理器，即所有安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互，并且它管理着所有的Subject，可以看出它是Shiro的核心，它对负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互，它相当于SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色
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Realm：Shiro从Realm获取安全数据（如用户、角色、权限），就是说SecurityManagery要验证用户身份，那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行笔记，来确定用户身份的合法性；也就是说从Realm得到的用户相应的角色，权限进行验证用户的操作是否能进行，可以把Realm看成DataSource；
1.4 Shiro内部架构
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Subject：任何可以与应用交互的”用户“
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Subject Manager：相当于Spring MVC中的DispatcherServlet；是Shiro的心脏，所有具体交互管理都通过Security Manager进行控制，它的管理者所有的Subject，且负责进行权限认证，授权，会话，缓存的管理
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Authenticator：负责Subject认证，是一个扩展点，可以自定义实现，可以使用认证策略（Authentication Strategy）即什么情况下都算用户通过验证
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Authorizer：授权器，即访问控制器，用来决定主题是否拥有权限进行相关操作，即控制着用户访问应用中的那些功能
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Realm：可以有一个或者多个的realm，可以认为是安全实体数据源，即用于获取安全实体的，可以用JDBC实现，也可以是内存实现等等，由用户提供；所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm
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SessionManager:管理Session生命周期dd饿组件，而Shiro并不仅仅是可以用在Web环境，也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中
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CacheManager：缓存控制器，来管理用户，角色，权限等缓存，因为这些数据基本很少改变，放到缓存后可以提高访问性能
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Cryptography：密码模块，Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密，解密等
2、HelloWorld
1、导入shiro需要的包
org.apache.shiro
shiro-spring
1.5.3
2、快速开始shiro
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class Quickstart {
//使用log来进行日志输出
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
//1、使用工厂模式来获得对象
Factory factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
//2、三大对象之一：Subject
// get the currently executing user
// 可以通过方法获取当前用户
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
//通过当前对象拿到Session
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
log.info("Subject=>的session中someKey对应的值! [" + value + "]");
}
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
//判断当前用户是否已经验证
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
//如果已经验证，就拿到一个token
//token：令牌，去ini文件里面判断是否拥有这个用户
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
//设置记住我
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
//执行了登录操作
currentUser.login(token);
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
//未知账户异常
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
//密码错误异常
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
//用户锁定异常
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//认证异常，上面的异常都是其子类
//unexpected condition? error?
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
//获取当前用户的一个认证码，用户的很多信息可以存储在这里
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
//测试用户是否由角色
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
//测试用户的权限（粗粒度）
//如果求权限不满足 就会报相应的错误
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
//判断用户是否拥有更多权限（细粒度）
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
//all done - log out!
//注销
currentUser.logout();
//结束
System.exit(0);
}
}
3、shiro的配置文件shiro.ini
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
4、log4fj的配置文件
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n
# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO
# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
3、SpringBoot集成Shiro
1、导入整合的包
com.github.theborakompanioni
thymeleaf-extras-shiro
2.0.0
org.projectlombok
lombok
1.18.8
provided
org.mybatis.spring.boot
mybatis-spring-boot-starter
2.1.0
mysql
mysql-connector-java
com.alibaba
druid
1.1.12
org.apache.shiro
shiro-spring
1.5.3
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
2、shiro的配置类
package com.wei.config;
import at.pollux.thymeleaf.shiro.dialect.ShiroDialect;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//三大要素
//ShiroFilterFactoryBean:3
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("webSecurityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager){
ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//设置安全管理器
bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);
//添加shiro的内置过滤器
/*
anon:无需认证即可访问
authc：必须认证才可访问
user：必须拥有记住我功能才能用
perms：拥有对某个资源的权限才能访问
role：拥有某个角色权限才能访问
*/
//登录拦截
Map filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
//第一个参数是请求，第二个是设置的权限
filterMap.put("/add","authc");
filterMap.put("/update","authc");
//授权
//user用户拥有add权限才能访问 /add请求
//正常情况下没有授权，会跳到授权页面
filterMap.put("/add","perms[user:add]");
filterMap.put("/update","perms[user:update]");
bean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
//设置登录的请求
bean.setLoginUrl("toLogin");
//设置未授权页面
bean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");
return bean;
}
//DefaultWebSecurityManager：2
@Bean(name = "webSecurityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
DefaultWebSecurityManager webSecurityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
//关联我们的userRealm
webSecurityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return webSecurityManager;
}
//创建Realm对象，需要自定义 ：1
//将自己写的realm对象 交给spring容器托管
@Bean
public UserRealm userRealm(){
return new UserRealm();
}
//整合ShiroDialect：Shiro方言 用来整合shiro-thymeleaf
@Bean
public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
return new ShiroDialect();
}
}
3、自定义领域（Realm）
package com.wei.config;
import com.wei.entity.User;
import com.wei.service.UserService;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
//自定义的Realm UserRealm
//要实现自定义的 只需要继承AuthorizingRealm 即可
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
System.out.println("执行了授权doGetAuthorizationInfo方法");
//进入一些被拦截的页面 就会执行授权方法
//给用户赋予权限的对象
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
//给用户添加权限
//info.addStringPermission("user:add");
//拿到当前登录的对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal();//这里取得是59行存得user得值
//没有权限直接返回空 显示自己的没有权限界面
if (currentUser.getPerms()==null){
return null;
}
//设置当前用户的权限
info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());
//要返回赋予的权限对象
return info;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("执行了认证doGetAuthenticationInfo方法");
//伪造用户名和密码 真的要再数据库中去取
// String name = "root";
// String password = "123";
//将认证的token转化成存储用户信息的token 方便进行信息的判断
UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;
//连接真实数据库
User user = userService.queryByName(token.getUsername());
if (user==null){
return null;//没有这个人报错
}
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("loginUser",user);
//shiro也有一些加密方式：MD5 MD5盐值加密 SHA等 但是如果没有加密 密码正确一样可以访问
//这个和SpringSecurity有一点区别
//密码认证shiro来做，交给程序员操作可能会导致密码泄露
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPwd(),"");
}
}
4、控制器
package com.wei.controller;
import com.sun.org.apache.regexp.internal.RE;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String toIndex(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","hello,shiro");
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/add")
public String toAdd(){
return "user/add";
}
@RequestMapping("/update")
public String toUpdate(){
return "user/update";
}
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(){
return "login";
}
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username,String password,Model model){
//获取当前的用户
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//封装用户的登录数据 把账号密码放在一个令牌中加密
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
//使用令牌登录，如果没有异常就说明ok
try {
subject.login(token);
return "index";
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名错误");
return "login";
}catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){
model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
return "login";
}
}
@RequestMapping("/noauth")
@ResponseBody
public String noauth(){
return "没有授权，无法登录";
}
@RequestMapping("/logout")
public String logout(Subject subject){
subject.logout();
return "index";
}
}
5、实体类
package com.wei.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
private String perms;
}
6、mapper接口
package com.wei.mapper;
import com.wei.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
public User queryByName(@Param("name") String name);
}
实现类
7、Service
package com.wei.service;
import com.wei.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
public interface UserService {
public User queryByName(String name);
}
实现类
package com.wei.service;
import com.wei.entity.User;
import com.wei.mapper.UserMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public User queryByName(String name) {
User user = userMapper.queryByName(name);
return user;
}
}
8、前端模板
login.html
Title
登录页面
index.html
Title
首页
add.html
Title
添加页面
update.html
Title
修改页面
9、Mybaties整合Springboot
#设置mybatis
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.wei.entity
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
10、数据源配置
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: root
#serverTimezone=UTC解决时区的报错
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
#Spring Boot 默认是不注入这些属性值的，需要自己绑定
#druid 数据源专有配置
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
#配置监控统计拦截的filters，stat:监控统计、log4j：日志记录、wall：防御sql注入
#如果允许时报错 java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Priority
#则导入 log4j 依赖即可，Maven 地址：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j
filters: stat,wall,log4j
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500