Ubuntu Server 18.04.3 LTS 安装图形界面

Ubuntu Server 18.04.3 LTS 使用U盘安装方式安装后，默认是没有图形界面的，但是因为习惯了一些图形画界面，所以还是尝试安装了熟悉的gnome桌面。

安装步骤

1. 先配置好可用的国内镜像,备份mv sources.list sources.list.bak

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

2. 编辑 sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list文件，清空文件内容，填充下面的清华大学镜像地址，保存退出 :wq

	deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
	deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
	deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
	deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
	deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
	
	deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
	deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3. 打开终端窗口并发出命令：

   sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop

   输入您的sudo密码。上面的命令将获得大量的依赖，并要求您确定安装。出现提示时，键入“y”，安装将继续。安装完成后，您应该重新启动服务器。当机器启动时，它会将您登录到图形登录屏幕上，在那里您可以登录并享受GNOME桌面。

安装过程中遇到的问题

• The method driver /usr/lib/apt/methods/https could not be found

Sounds like you may have added some https sources. Since there are no https sources in your sources.list, it would be something in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.
You may also be dealing with a proxy that always redirects to https.
You can add support for https apt sources by installing a couple of packages:

apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates
If your apt-get is too broken to do this, you can download the package directly and install it with dpkg -i. Any additional dependencies of that package can be tracked down and fetched similarly (dpkg will let you know if anything is missing).

If it still doesn’t work, you might try editing the source entry to use http instead of https, or just remove it and start over following the source maintainer’s instructions.

• The method driver /usr/lib/apt/methods/https could not be found
• Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages
• How to fix -bash: aptitude: command not found Error
• sed 字符串替换
• Ubuntu系统在终端中重启与关机
• Linux 服务器上建立用户并分配权限-不错
• 关于linux下/srv、/var和/tmp的职责区分

  服务器被用作Web开发时，html文件更应该被放在/srv/www下，而不是/var/www下（因为/srv目录是新标准中才有的，出现较晚；而且Apache将/var/www设为了web默认目录，所以现在绝大多数人都把web文件放在/var/www，这是个历史遗留问题）。

参考原文

-如何在Ubuntu Server 18.04上安装GNOME桌面

相关资料

• Ubuntu系统中apt-get和aptitude的使用-总结的很好
• ubuntu包管理命令apt和dpkg的用法
• aptitude （Debian系统的包管理工具)
• /ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt

---

Ubuntu 镜像使用帮助

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse