ThreadLocal和ConcurrentHashMap的不同,扫盲篇

本文主要是针对ThreadLocal和ConcurrentHashMap的使用说一个简单的说明,其中示例说明了他们两个从结果上看的明显不同,扫盲篇


什么是ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal并不是一个Thread,而是Thread的局部变量。将类变量放到ThreadLocal类型的对象中,使变量在每个线程中都有独立拷贝,不会出现一个线程读取变量时而被另一个线程修改的现象。

ThreadLocal实现原理

ThreadLocal是如何做到为每一个线程维护变量的副本的呢?其实实现的思路很简单:在ThreadLocal类中定义了一个ThreadLocalMap,每一个Thread中都有一个该类型的变量——threadLocals——用于存储每一个线程的变量副本,Map中元素的键为线程对象,而值对应线程的变量副本。[来自百度百科]

示例

package com.yvan.concurrentMap;
/**
 * ThreadLocal
 * @author yvan
 *
 */
public class AppMainTest {
    private static ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal(){

        @Override
        protected Object initialValue() {
            return "初始化值";
        }

    };
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new Thread("Thread1"){  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                threadLocal.set(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }  
        }.start();  

        new Thread("Thread2"){  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                threadLocal.set(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==="+threadLocal.get()); 
            }  
        }.start();  

        new Thread("Thread3"){  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                threadLocal.set(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }  
        }.start();  
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==="+threadLocal.get());  
    }  
} 
  

结果

Thread2===Thread2
main===初始化值

可以明显的看到两个线程之前互不干扰。

ThreadLocal和ConcurrentHashMap的不同用法

稍微修改一下示例

package com.yvan.concurrentMap;

import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * ThreadLocal
 * @author yvan
 *
 */
public class AppMainTest {
    private static ConcurrentHashMap map = new ConcurrentHashMap(); 
    private static ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal(){

        @Override
        protected Object initialValue() {
            return "初始化值";
        }

    };
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new Thread("Thread1"){  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                threadLocal.set(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                map.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }  
        }.start();  

        new Thread("Thread2"){  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                threadLocal.set(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==="+threadLocal.get()); 
                map.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }  
        }.start();  

        new Thread("Thread3"){  
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                threadLocal.set(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                map.put(Thread.currentThread().getName(), Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }  
        }.start();  
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"==="+threadLocal.get());
        for (Entry item : map.entrySet()) {
             System.out.println(item.getKey()+"==="+item.getValue());
        }
    }  
}
 
  

结果

Thread2===Thread2
main===初始化值
Thread3===Thread3
Thread2===Thread2
Thread1===Thread1

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