08-NIO SelectionKey

文章目录

  • NIO SelectionKey
    • 一、SelectionKey
    • 二、源码解读
      • 2.1 获取Channel和Selector
      • 2.2 SelectionKey事件
      • 2.3 attachment属性
      • 2.4 关闭SelectionKey
    • 三、实现类
      • 3.1 AbstractSelectionKey
      • 3.2 SelectionKeyImpl
    • 四、示例
    • 五、参考

NIO SelectionKey

  • 在前面的NIO部分尤其是 Selector 部分涉及到了很多关于 SelectionKey 的内容,Selector的select方法阻塞,返回之后得到的就是 SelectionKey集合(一个SelectionKey 对应一个Channel),可以认为 SelectionKey 封装了发送的事件。在代码上 SelectionKey内部封装了Selector 和 Channel,内部通过一个整数来表示兴趣事件值,不同的bit 位表示一种事件,可以认为SelectionKey 是 Selector 和 Cahnnel的纽带,SelectionKey的代码不多也比较简单,本文来看看。

一、SelectionKey

  • SelectionKey 封装了事件,包括兴趣事件和就绪事件,内部通过两个整数来表示这两类事件,因为一个整数有多个bit 位,特定的bit 位代表特定的时间,因此也可以理解为两个事件集合。

  • 在SelectionKey对象的有效期间,Selector 会一直轮询它管理的 Channel,有事件之后将事件添加到 与某个 Channel对应的 SelectionKey的集合中去,然后上层程序通过 SelectionKey 来处理对应的事件。

  • 下面是源码的注释:

/**
 *  一个代表通道和选择器之间的注册关系
 * A token representing the registration of a {@link SelectableChannel} with a
 * {@link Selector}.
 *
 *   通道注册到Selector的时候会创建 SelectionKey,直到调用 SelectionKey的cancle,关闭通道或者
 *   关闭选择器之前 SelectionKey 都是有效的,可以通过 isValid 方法判断 SelectionKey是否有效
 *   取消一个SelectionKey不会马上被移除,而是在下一次选择操作的时候添加到cancelled-key集合(取消键集合)
 *   
 * 

A selection key is created each time a channel is registered with a * selector. A key remains valid until it is cancelled by invoking its * {@link #cancel cancel} method, by closing its channel, or by closing its * selector. Cancelling a key does not immediately remove it from its * selector; it is instead added to the selector's cancelled-key set for removal during the * next selection operation. The validity of a key may be tested by invoking * its {@link #isValid isValid} method. * * * SelectionKey 内部包含两个操作集合,它们由两个整数表示,它的每一bit表示一种SelectionKey对应的Channel支持的操作 *

A selection key contains two operation sets represented as * integer values. Each bit of an operation set denotes a category of * selectable operations that are supported by the key's channel. * * * 兴趣集合表示哪些操作在下一次select 操作中会被检测是否被准备好,换言之只有兴趣事 * 件,select才会帮我们去检测这个时间是否被准备好,兴趣事件是SelectionKey 被创建的时 * 候在初始化的时候指定,其实就是 Channel注册到 Selector的时候创建的,后们可以通过方法 interestOps(int) 修改兴趣事件 * *

  • The interest set determines which operation categories will * be tested for readiness the next time one of the selector's selection * methods is invoked. The interest set is initialized with the value given * when the key is created; it may later be changed via the {@link * #interestOps(int)} method.

  • * * * 就绪事件是另一个集合,它代表与 SelectionKey对应的 Channel的哪些事件被 Selector 检测到已经准备好了。 * 刚刚创建 SelectionKey 的时候就绪事件是0,也就对应着空集合 * 兴趣事件在后续的 select 操作可能被改变,但是不能直接修改 * (这里可以理解,兴趣事件由外部触发,而不能自己修改,自己只能改变兴趣事件) * *
  • The ready set identifies the operation categories for which * the key's channel has been detected to be ready by the key's selector. * The ready set is initialized to zero when the key is created; it may later * be updated by the selector during a selection operation, but it cannot be * updated directly.

  • * * * * 就绪事件表示某一时刻 Channel 已经准备好可以执行的操作,但是不能保证,他可以由线程执行且不会引起线程阻塞; * 就绪集合在selector操作之后很可能是准确的,对应的Channel 外部的IO操作被调用之后,很可能是不准确的 * 这里感觉不好理解,我觉得大意就是就绪事件并不是总是准确的,而是某一时刻的,在select 操作之后它通常是准确的,但是 * Channel 触发了一些IO操作之后他就不准确了,因此select 后处理完有需要循环继续监听 * *

    That a selection key's ready set indicates that its channel is ready for * some operation category is a hint, but not a guarantee, that an operation in * such a category may be performed by a thread without causing the thread to * block. A ready set is most likely to be accurate immediately after the * completion of a selection operation. It is likely to be made inaccurate by * external events and by I/O operations that are invoked upon the * corresponding channel. * * * * 这个类定义了所有已知的操作bit位, 但是精确的哪些bit位是Channel支持的,这取决于通道的类型。 * SelectableChannel的所以子类定义了validOps() 方法 返回Channel支持的操作,尝试不支持的操作可能会引起运行期异常 * 这里多说一句:SocketChannel支持 SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE | SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT * ServerSocketChanne 只支持:SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT * *

    This class defines all known operation-set bits, but precisely which * bits are supported by a given channel depends upon the type of the channel. * Each subclass of {@link SelectableChannel} defines an {@link * SelectableChannel#validOps() validOps()} method which returns a set * identifying just those operations that are supported by the channel. An * attempt to set or test an operation-set bit that is not supported by a key's * channel will result in an appropriate run-time exception. * * * * 通常关联一些应用具体的数据到 SelectionKey 上是必要的,比如一个代表高优先级协议状态的数据对象。 * SelectionKey 因此支持添加一个单一任意对象,通过attach 方法添加对象, attachment获取对象 * *

    It is often necessary to associate some application-specific data with a * selection key, for example an object that represents the state of a * higher-level protocol and handles readiness notifications in order to * implement that protocol. Selection keys therefore support the * attachment of a single arbitrary object to a key. An object can be * attached via the {@link #attach attach} method and then later retrieved via * the {@link #attachment() attachment} method. * * * Selection keys 多线程使用是安全的,对兴趣集合的操作通常会在具体的selector 操作的时候做现场安全同步, * 究竟这些同步是如何执行的取决于具体的独立实现,在native 实现中,如果 select 操作已经在执行,那么对兴趣集合的读写会无限期阻塞 * 在高性能实现中,读写兴趣集合会短暂的阻塞,甚至不阻塞, * 在任何情况下,select 操作使用的兴趣事件的值是 select 操作开始的那一瞬间的值 * *

    Selection keys are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads. The * operations of reading and writing the interest set will, in general, be * synchronized with certain operations of the selector. Exactly how this * synchronization is performed is implementation-dependent: In a naive * implementation, reading or writing the interest set may block indefinitely * if a selection operation is already in progress; in a high-performance * implementation, reading or writing the interest set may block briefly, if at * all. In any case, a selection operation will always use the interest-set * value that was current at the moment that the operation began.

    */
    • 翻译不一定精准,但是读了之后会加深对NIO 中组件的理解,建议阅读。

    二、源码解读

    2.1 获取Channel和Selector

    • SelectionKey 是Channel 和 Selector的纽带,内部封装了二者,因此内部持有这两个对象,通过对应的方法获取,
     //返回创建 SelectionKey 的 Channel,即使key取消也会返回
        public abstract SelectableChannel channel();
    
        //返回创建 SelectionKey 的 Selector,即使key取消也会返回
        public abstract Selector selector();
    

    2.2 SelectionKey事件

    • 事件类型:SelectionKey内部定义了事件,类型一共四种,通过不同的 bit位表示
        //四种事件
        public static final int OP_READ = 1 << 0;       //接受事件,仅适用于服务端,准备好接受新的连接
        public static final int OP_WRITE = 1 << 2;      //连接事件,仅适用与客户端、连接成功
        public static final int OP_CONNECT = 1 << 3;    //读事件,有数据可读
        public static final int OP_ACCEPT = 1 << 4;     //写事件,有数据可写
    
    • 事件判断:通过位与运算判断是否为某种事件,注意readyOps() 方法会返回一个int 代表事件,由子类实现
        //判断是否为对应的事件类型
        public final boolean isReadable() {
            return (readyOps() & OP_READ) != 0;
        }
        
        public final boolean isWritable() {
            return (readyOps() & OP_WRITE) != 0;
        }
       
        public final boolean isConnectable() {
            return (readyOps() & OP_CONNECT) != 0;
        }
        
        public final boolean isAcceptable() {
            return (readyOps() & OP_ACCEPT) != 0;
        }
    
    • 事件获取和判断:获取事件,取消事件,判断是否合法等,由子类实现
    
        //判断 SelectionKey 是否有效,三种请求会导致无效,cancle,Channel关闭,Selector关闭
        public abstract boolean isValid();
    
        //取消和key关联的Channel和Selector之间的注册关系
        //方法返回后,key就会无效并被添加到取消键集合,在下一个selection操作期间键在Selector的所有的键集合中被移除
        //一旦被调用,key永远无效,取消后再次调用该方法没有影响
        //这个方法在取消键集合会同步,因此并发场景下调用会有一点点阻塞
        public abstract void cancel();
    
        //返回兴趣事件集合
        public abstract int interestOps();
    
        //根据给定值返回键的兴趣事件集合
        public abstract SelectionKey interestOps(int ops);
    
        //返回就绪事件集合
        public abstract int readyOps();
    
    
    • 事件触发:OP_READ 事件不仅仅只有可读时才触发,以下情况都会触发
    1.channel 中数据读完
    2.连接管道的另一端被关闭
    3.有一个错误的 pending
    4.对方发送消息过来
    

    2.3 attachment属性

    • SelectionKey 可以添加和获取一个属性
        //属性字段
        private volatile Object attachment = null;
    
        //属性原子更新
        private static final AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater
            attachmentUpdater = AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater.newUpdater(
                SelectionKey.class, Object.class, "attachment"
            );
    
        //添加属性
        public final Object attach(Object ob) {
            return attachmentUpdater.getAndSet(this, ob);
        }
    
        //获取属性
        public final Object attachment() {
            return attachment;
        }
    }
    

    2.4 关闭SelectionKey

    • 在以下情况下,SelectionKey 对象会失效,意味着 Selector 再也不会监控与它相关的事件:
    1.调用 SelectionKey 的 cancel() 方法
    2.关闭与 SelectionKey 关联的Channel
    3.与 SelectionKey 关联的 Selector 被关闭
    
    • 从这些条件可以看出,SelectionKey 作为 Channel 和 Selector的纽带,三者任意一个都可能使 SelectionKey 无效

    三、实现类

    3.1 AbstractSelectionKey

    • AbstractSelectionKey 实现了SelectionKey,主要实现了cancel 和 valid方法
    public abstract class AbstractSelectionKey extends SelectionKey {
    
        //合法标志位
        private volatile boolean valid = true;
    
        public final boolean isValid() {
            return valid;
        }
    
        //设置为不合法
        void invalidate() {          // package-private
            valid = false;
        }
    
        /**
         * Cancels this key.
         * 

    If this key has not yet been cancelled then it is added to its * selector's cancelled-key set while synchronized on that set.

    * * 取消key,如果键没有被取消,就加到取消键集合,并且在集合操作的时候需要同步 * 同步是为了避免一个键被多个线程取消多次,这可能会造成selector的select()和channel的close() 之间的竞争 */
    public final void cancel() { // Synchronizing "this" to prevent this key from getting canceled // multiple times by different threads, which might cause race // condition between selector's select() and channel's close(). synchronized (this) { if (valid) { valid = false; ((AbstractSelector)selector()).cancel(this); } } } }
    • valid:通过内部 volatile 变量实现;
    • cancel:同步操作,通过Selector 的 cancel 方法实现;

    3.2 SelectionKeyImpl

    • sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl 是 SelectorKey的具体实现类,也是SelectionKey唯一的具体实现类
    public class SelectionKeyImpl extends AbstractSelectionKey {
    
        //封装的channel和Selector对象,该属性是包私有的,NIO的很多 Channel都实现了SelChImpl 接口
        final SelChImpl channel;
        public final SelectorImpl selector;
        
        //index表示该 SelectionKey 对象存储在与其关联的 Selector 对象中所在的位置(一个Selector显然可以有很多SelectionKey,一个Channel对应一个SelectionKey)
        private int index;
        
        //兴趣事件变量和就绪事件变量
        private volatile int interestOps;
        private int readyOps;
    
    
        //构造方法
        SelectionKeyImpl(SelChImpl var1, SelectorImpl var2) {
            this.channel = var1;
            this.selector = var2;
        }
    
        //获取Channel 、Selector 和 index读写 
        public SelectableChannel channel() {
            return (SelectableChannel)this.channel;
        }
    
        public Selector selector() {
            return this.selector;
        }
        
        int getIndex() {
            return this.index;
        }
    
        void setIndex(int var1) {
            this.index = var1;
        }
    
        //确认有效,由 AbstractSelectionKey 的isValid 方法实现
        private void ensureValid() {
            if (!this.isValid()) {
                throw new CancelledKeyException();
            }
        }
    
        //获取兴趣事件变量
        public int interestOps() {
            this.ensureValid();
            return this.interestOps;
        }
        
        //获取就绪事件变量
        public int readyOps() {
            this.ensureValid();
            return this.readyOps;
        }
        
        //设置兴趣事件和就绪事件
        public SelectionKey interestOps(int var1) {
            this.ensureValid();
            return this.nioInterestOps(var1);
        }
    
        public void nioReadyOps(int var1) {
            this.readyOps = var1;
        }
    
        //获取兴趣事件变量
        public int nioInterestOps() {
            return this.interestOps;
        }
        
        //获取就绪事件变量
        public int nioReadyOps() {
            return this.readyOps;
        }
    
        //设置兴趣事件
        public SelectionKey nioInterestOps(int var1) {
            //validOps()方法返回 Channel支持的事件,如果事件不支持,就抛出异常
            if ((var1 & ~this.channel().validOps()) != 0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            } else {
                //设置兴趣事件为var1
                this.channel.translateAndSetInterestOps(var1, this);
                this.interestOps = var1;
                return this;
            }
        }
    }
    

    四、示例

    • 为了更清晰的看到 SelectionKey 中表示事件的值,我把 BIO、NIO到Netty 中的NIO 示例添加了日志,查看不同的事件对应的值,关键代码如下:
      while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
                    //可接受事件
                    if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
                        //拿到channel对象
    
                        int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
                        int readyOps = selectionKey.readyOps();
                        System.out.println("兴趣事件值:" + interestOps);
                        System.out.println("就绪事件值:" + readyOps);
    
                        省略....
                        
                        System.out.println("服务端处理端口:" + socketChannel.socket().getPort());
                        
                        省略....
                        
                        System.out.println("获取到客户端的连接: " + socketChannel);
                    } else if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
                        
                        int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
                        int readyOps = selectionKey.readyOps();
                        System.out.println("兴趣事件值:" + interestOps);
                        System.out.println("就绪事件值:" + readyOps);
    
                        省略....
                            
                        System.out.println("服务端收到消息 : " + body);
                          
                        省略....
                    }
                }
    
    
    • 服务端输出:
    兴趣事件值:16
    就绪事件值:16
    服务端处理端口:60728
    获取到客户端的连接: java.nio.channels.SocketChannel[connected local=/127.0.0.1:12345 remote=/127.0.0.1:60728]
    兴趣事件值:1
    就绪事件值:1
    服务端收到消息 : hellonio
    
    • 从示例其实能够看出,时间本身就是一个整型值,前文分析的,通过不同的bit 位表示不同的事件,通过与运算判断事件是否属于某个类型。Selector 管理着若干的 Channel,如果有些 Channel有事件发生,则 select方法返回,返回有事件发生的 Channel对应的SelectionKey 会返回,通过 SelectionKey 我们可以知道发生了什么事件,然后进行后续的对应事件的处理。

    • 完整的源码参考

    五、参考

    • [1] Java NIO 之 SelectionKey

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