ORACLE 11G 搭建dataguard详细步骤（所有操作总结）
序言：
DATAGUARD是通过建立一个PRIMARY和STANDBY组来确立其参照关系。
STANDBY一旦创建，DATAGUARD就会通过将主数据库(PRIMARY)的REDO传递给STANDBY数据库，然后在STANDBY中应用REDO实现数据库的同步。
有两种类型的STANDBY：物理STANDBY和逻辑STANDBY
物理STANDBY提供与主数据库完全一样的拷贝（块到块），数据库SCHEMA，包括索引都是一样的。它是直接应用REDO实现同步的。
逻辑STANDBY则不是这样，在逻辑STANDBY中，逻辑信息是相同的，但物理组织和数据结构可以不同，它和主库保持同步的方法是将接收的REDO转换成SQL语句，然后在STANDBY上执行SQL语句。逻辑STANDBY除灾难恢复外还有其它用途，比如用于用户进行查询和报表。
1、安装环境
在primary搭建数据库软件，建立lsnrctl监听，采用dbca搭建实例，在standby上搭建数据库软件，建立监听，但是不需要采用dbca建立实例。
如何在linux上搭建oracle数据库，请参考以前的blog实验：http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1413242/
操作系统： 都是centos6.4
oracle软件版本： oracle 11.2.0.1.0
IP地址： primary库（192.168.121.217）、standby库（192.168.121.218）
db_unique_name： primary库（pdunq）、standby库（pdunq_dg）
2、准备工作 在primary上操作
2.1、打开Forced Logging 模式
先确认primary库处于归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 362
Next log sequence to archive 364
Current log sequence 364
SQL>
强制归档
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL>
确认primary库是归档模式
添加standby文件
alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_021.log') size 20M;
alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_022.log') size 20M;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_023.log') size 20M;
alter database drop standby logfile group 4;
alter database drop standby logfile group 5;
alter database drop standby logfile group 6;
select * from v$logfile order by 1;
2.3 准备参数文件
2.3.1 生成pfile
create pfile from spfile;
shutdown immediate
2.3.2 修改pfile
cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora.bak
vim $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora
*.db_unique_name=pdunq
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdesXDB)'
*.fal_client='pdunq'
*.fal_server='pdunq_dg'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.db_file_name_convert='/home/oradata/powerdes','/home/oradata/pwerdes'
*.log_file_name_convert='/home/oradata/powerdes','/home/oradata/powerdes'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pdunq_dg)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pdunq_dg lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
2.3.3 生成spfile
create spfile from pfile;
startup #这里可以启动也可以不启动，这里不启动，后面就要记得startup;让新的参数文件生效
2.4 修改监听文件
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ vim listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = powerdes)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.217)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle/app/oracle
INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listener=10
2.5，修改tns配置文件
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora
PD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.217)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = pdunq)
)
)
SC_SID =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.218)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = powerdes)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
2.6 监听服务重启
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
2.7 primary上配置最大可用模式：
SQL>startup
SQL>alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
2.8 备份数据库
backup database plus archivelog;
backup current controlfile for standby;
exit;
备份结束后会在闪回区产生备份文件
3，数据库配置 standby上
3.1 建立相应的文件目录
包括dump文件目录，数据文件目录，通过show parameter dest;查看，保持和primary一样的路径地址
3.2 从primary上copy数据文件到standby上
在主库上执行：
ps：在primary上执行
copy闪回区内容
copy闪回文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/
copy参数文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
copy监听文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
3.3 在standby库 修改配置文件 在standby上修改
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$ vim listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = powerdes)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.218)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
在standby修改tns文件
3.4，修改参数文件
*.db_unique_name='pdunq_dg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdes)'
*.fal_client='pdunq'
*.fal_server='pdunq_dg'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.db_file_name_convert='/home/oradata/powerdes','/home/oradata/powerdes'
*.log_file_name_convert='/home/oradata/powerdes','/home/oradata/powerdes'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pdunq_dg)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pdunq_dg lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
PS:将*.log_archive_dest_2=后面的DB_UNIQUE_NAME改成primary的DB_UNIQUE_NAME值改为pdunq，这样在做switchover的时候，新的primary能通过这个将redo日志传到新的standby上面去。
log_archive_dest_N 目的是告诉数据库，把归档放到那里去可选项，首先是本地，然后考虑远程的从库，所以，假设A是主库，B是从库，切换之后B是主库，A是从库，所以，log_archive_dest_N需要设置为对方
3.5，重启监听 standby
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 10-FEB-2015 15:41:36
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 10-FEB-2015 15:41:41
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/powerlong5/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 10-FEB-2015 15:41:41
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/powerlong5/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "powerdes" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "powerdes", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$
3.6，恢复数据库
在standby库上操作
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$ rman target sys/syxxlxxxx58@PD1 auxiliary /
Argument Value Description
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
target quoted-string connect-string for target database
catalog quoted-string connect-string for recovery catalog
nocatalog none if specified, then no recovery catalog
cmdfile quoted-string name of input command file
log quoted-string name of output message log file
trace quoted-string name of output debugging message log file
append none if specified, log is opened in append mode
debug optional-args activate debugging
msgno none show RMAN-nnnn prefix for all messages
send quoted-string send a command to the media manager
pipe string building block for pipe names
timeout integer number of seconds to wait for pipe input
checksyntax none check the command file for syntax errors
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Both single and double quotes (' or ") are accepted for a quoted-string.
Quotes are not required unless the string contains embedded white-space.
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00552: syntax error in command line arguments
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "end-of-file": expecting one of: "double-quoted-string, identifier, single-quoted-string, "
RMAN-01007: at line 0 column 0 file: command line arguments
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$
报错，看下是否standby没有启动导致？
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> SQL> startup nomount
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL>
[root@powerlong5 ~]# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=12g /dev/shm
[root@powerlong5 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 57G 45G 8.9G 84% /
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 51M 129M 29% /boot
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final
shmfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
[root@powerlong5 ~]#
SQL> startup
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
SQL>
去primary库上查询下audit路径
SQL> show parameter audit_file_dest
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /oracle/app/oracle/admin/powerdes/adump
SQL>
然后在standby上操作
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.1358E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2216744 bytes
Variable Size 8589937880 bytes
Database Buffers 2751463424 bytes
Redo Buffers 13946880 bytes
SQL>
去primary修改sys密码：
SQL> alter user sys identified by "syxxlxxxx58";
User altered.
SQL>
在standby库执行rman target sys/syspl1758@PD1 auxiliary /，如下所示：
3.7 standby上修改参数文件
先关闭oracle
shutdown immediate
然后开始修改参数文件
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
vim initpowerdes.ora
# 主要是修改db_unique_name
*.db_unique_name='pdunq_dg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdesXDB)'
*.fal_client='PD1'
*.fal_server='PD2'
*.global_names=FALSE
*.job_queue_processes=1000
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pddgunq)'
重新创建参数文件
create spfile from pfile;
3.8 启动数据库
startup nomount;
alter database mount standby database;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
4，检查看到归档没有过来
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination ?/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 0
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 0
SQL>
看到归档信息为0，说明primary上的redo日志没有传到standby上来。
4.1，查看alert日志
[oracle@powerlong5 trace]$ tail -f /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pdunq_dg/powerdes/trace/alert_powerdes.log
MRP0 started with pid=41, OS id=21243
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (powerdes)
started logmerger process
Sat Feb 07 20:12:18 2015
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
Parallel Media Recovery started with 4 slaves
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 303
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
查看日志传输情况
select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log;
SELECT sequence#,to_char(first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') first_time,to_char(next_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') next_time from v$archived_log;
primary :
问题分析解决：
primary主库上的alert日志有错：
Error 12154 received logging on to the standby
Errors in file /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pdunq/powerdes/trace/powerdes_arc2_22609.trc:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
PING[ARC2]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'pdunq_dg'. Error is 12154.
错误很清晰了，主库无法检测到从库存在
tns 12154 错误，主库无法 tnsping pdunq_dg
tnsping standby库报错
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ tnsping pdunq_dg
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 08-FEB-2015 21:42:26
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$
参数文件里面
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pdunq_dg lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg'
SERVICE=pdunq_dg 要和tnsnames.ora里面的保持一致。
4.2，去tnsnames.ora里面修改配置
去把tnsnames.ora里面的改成pdunq_dg即可。
重启lsnrctl，然后查看从库归档日志，有日志了，如下所示：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 350
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 351
SQL>
备库切换到open状态：
退出redo应用状态
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
PS：停止standby的redo应用 ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;注意，此时只是暂时redo 应用，并不是停止Standby 数据库，standby 仍会保持接收只不过不会再应用 接收到的归档，直到你再次启动redo 应用为止。类似mysql里面的stop slave功能;
打开standby上的oracle库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
再应用redo日志
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect ;
Database altered.
SQL>
去primary、standby库上面执行检查
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
查看最新的scn：
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
primary和standby都保持一致，OK，dataguard搭建完成。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
有，文章允许转载，但必须以链接方式注明源地址，否则追究法律责任!>
原博客地址： http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1432637/
原作者：黄杉 (mchdba)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATAGUARD是通过建立一个PRIMARY和STANDBY组来确立其参照关系。
STANDBY一旦创建，DATAGUARD就会通过将主数据库(PRIMARY)的REDO传递给STANDBY数据库，然后在STANDBY中应用REDO实现数据库的同步。
有两种类型的STANDBY：物理STANDBY和逻辑STANDBY
物理STANDBY提供与主数据库完全一样的拷贝（块到块），数据库SCHEMA，包括索引都是一样的。它是直接应用REDO实现同步的。
逻辑STANDBY则不是这样，在逻辑STANDBY中，逻辑信息是相同的，但物理组织和数据结构可以不同，它和主库保持同步的方法是将接收的REDO转换成SQL语句，然后在STANDBY上执行SQL语句。逻辑STANDBY除灾难恢复外还有其它用途，比如用于用户进行查询和报表。
1、安装环境
在primary搭建数据库软件，建立lsnrctl监听，采用dbca搭建实例，在standby上搭建数据库软件，建立监听，但是不需要采用dbca建立实例。
如何在linux上搭建oracle数据库，请参考以前的blog实验：http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1413242/
操作系统： 都是centos6.4
oracle软件版本： oracle 11.2.0.1.0
IP地址： primary库（192.168.121.217）、standby库（192.168.121.218）
db_unique_name： primary库（pdunq）、standby库（pdunq_dg）
2、准备工作 在primary上操作
2.1、打开Forced Logging 模式
先确认primary库处于归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 362
Next log sequence to archive 364
Current log sequence 364
SQL>
强制归档
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL>
确认primary库是归档模式
添加standby文件
alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_021.log') size 20M;
alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_022.log') size 20M;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_023.log') size 20M;
alter database drop standby logfile group 4;
alter database drop standby logfile group 5;
alter database drop standby logfile group 6;
select * from v$logfile order by 1;
2.3 准备参数文件
2.3.1 生成pfile
create pfile from spfile;
shutdown immediate
2.3.2 修改pfile
cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora.bak
vim $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora
*.db_unique_name=pdunq
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdesXDB)'
*.fal_client='pdunq'
*.fal_server='pdunq_dg'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.db_file_name_convert='/home/oradata/powerdes','/home/oradata/pwerdes'
*.log_file_name_convert='/home/oradata/powerdes','/home/oradata/powerdes'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pdunq_dg)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pdunq_dg lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
2.3.3 生成spfile
create spfile from pfile;
startup #这里可以启动也可以不启动，这里不启动，后面就要记得startup;让新的参数文件生效
2.4 修改监听文件
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ vim listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = powerdes)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.217)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle/app/oracle
INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listener=10
2.5，修改tns配置文件
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora
PD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.217)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = pdunq)
)
)
SC_SID =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.218)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = powerdes)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)
2.6 监听服务重启
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
2.7 primary上配置最大可用模式：
SQL>startup
SQL>alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
2.8 备份数据库
backup database plus archivelog;
backup current controlfile for standby;
exit;
备份结束后会在闪回区产生备份文件
3，数据库配置 standby上
3.1 建立相应的文件目录
包括dump文件目录，数据文件目录，通过show parameter dest;查看，保持和primary一样的路径地址
3.2 从primary上copy数据文件到standby上
在主库上执行：
ps：在primary上执行
copy闪回区内容
copy闪回文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/
copy参数文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
copy监听文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
3.3 在standby库 修改配置文件 在standby上修改
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$ vim listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = powerdes)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.218)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
)
在standby修改tns文件
3.4，修改参数文件
*.db_unique_name='pdunq_dg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdes)'
*.fal_client='pdunq'
*.fal_server='pdunq_dg'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.db_file_name_convert='/home/oradata/powerdes','/home/oradata/powerdes'
*.log_file_name_convert='/home/oradata/powerdes','/home/oradata/powerdes'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pdunq_dg)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pdunq_dg lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
PS:将*.log_archive_dest_2=后面的DB_UNIQUE_NAME改成primary的DB_UNIQUE_NAME值改为pdunq，这样在做switchover的时候，新的primary能通过这个将redo日志传到新的standby上面去。
log_archive_dest_N 目的是告诉数据库，把归档放到那里去可选项，首先是本地，然后考虑远程的从库，所以，假设A是主库，B是从库，切换之后B是主库，A是从库，所以，log_archive_dest_N需要设置为对方
3.5，重启监听 standby
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 10-FEB-2015 15:41:36
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 10-FEB-2015 15:41:41
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/powerlong5/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 10-FEB-2015 15:41:41
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/powerlong5/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "powerdes" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "powerdes", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$
3.6，恢复数据库
在standby库上操作
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$ rman target sys/syxxlxxxx58@PD1 auxiliary /
Argument Value Description
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
target quoted-string connect-string for target database
catalog quoted-string connect-string for recovery catalog
nocatalog none if specified, then no recovery catalog
cmdfile quoted-string name of input command file
log quoted-string name of output message log file
trace quoted-string name of output debugging message log file
append none if specified, log is opened in append mode
debug optional-args activate debugging
msgno none show RMAN-nnnn prefix for all messages
send quoted-string send a command to the media manager
pipe string building block for pipe names
timeout integer number of seconds to wait for pipe input
checksyntax none check the command file for syntax errors
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Both single and double quotes (' or ") are accepted for a quoted-string.
Quotes are not required unless the string contains embedded white-space.
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00552: syntax error in command line arguments
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "end-of-file": expecting one of: "double-quoted-string, identifier, single-quoted-string, "
RMAN-01007: at line 0 column 0 file: command line arguments
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$
报错，看下是否standby没有启动导致？
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> SQL> startup nomount
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL>
[root@powerlong5 ~]# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=12g /dev/shm
[root@powerlong5 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 57G 45G 8.9G 84% /
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 51M 129M 29% /boot
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final
shmfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
[root@powerlong5 ~]#
SQL> startup
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
SQL>
去primary库上查询下audit路径
SQL> show parameter audit_file_dest
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /oracle/app/oracle/admin/powerdes/adump
SQL>
然后在standby上操作
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.1358E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2216744 bytes
Variable Size 8589937880 bytes
Database Buffers 2751463424 bytes
Redo Buffers 13946880 bytes
SQL>
去primary修改sys密码：
SQL> alter user sys identified by "syxxlxxxx58";
User altered.
SQL>
在standby库执行rman target sys/syspl1758@PD1 auxiliary /，如下所示：
- [oracle@powerlong5 ~]$ rman target sys/syspl1758@PD1 auxiliary /
-
-
- Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Feb 7 19:08:16 2015
-
-
- Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
-
- connected to target database: POWERDES (DBID=3391761643)
- connected to auxiliary database: POWERDES (not mounted)
-
-
- RMAN> run {
- allocate auxiliary channel c1 device type disk;
- allocate auxiliary channel c2 device type disk;
- duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck dorecover;
- release channel c1;
- release channel c2;
- }
- 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7>
- using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
- allocated channel: c1
- channel c1: SID=767 device type=DISK
-
-
- allocated channel: c2
- channel c2: SID=1150 device type=DISK
-
-
- Starting Duplicate Db at 07-FEB-15
-
-
- contents of Memory Script:
- {
- set until scn 10903678943;
- restore clone standby controlfile;
- }
- executing Memory Script
-
-
- executing command: SET until clause
-
-
- Starting restore at 07-FEB-15
-
-
- channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore
- channel c1: restoring control file
- channel c1: reading from backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PDUNQ/backupset/2015_02_07/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150207T182252_bfct20tb_.bkp
- channel c1: piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PDUNQ/backupset/2015_02_07/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150207T182252_bfct20tb_.bkp tag=TAG20150207T182252
- channel c1: restored backup piece 1
- channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
- output file name=/oracle/data_ora/powerdes/control01.ctl
- output file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/powerdes/control02.ctl
- Finished restore at 07-FEB-15
-
-
- contents of Memory Script:
- {
- sql clone \'alter database mount standby database\';
- }
- executing Memory Script
-
-
- sql statement: alter database mount standby database
-
-
- contents of Memory Script:
- {
- set until scn 10903678943;
- set newname for datafile 1 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/system01.dbf\";
- set newname for datafile 2 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/sysaux01.dbf\";
- set newname for datafile 3 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/undotbs01.dbf\";
- set newname for datafile 4 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/users01.dbf\";
- set newname for datafile 6 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/plas01.dbf\";
- set newname for datafile 7 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/pl01.dbf\";
- set newname for datafile 8 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/help01.dbf\";
- set newname for datafile 9 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/adobelc01.dbf\";
- set newname for datafile 10 to
- \"/home/oradata/pwerdes/sms01.dbf\";
- restore
- clone database
- ;
- }
- executing Memory Script
-
-
- executing command: SET until clause
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- executing command: SET NEWNAME
-
-
- Starting restore at 07-FEB-15
-
-
- channel c1: starting datafile backup set restore
- channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00001 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/system01.dbf
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00002 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/sysaux01.dbf
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00003 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/undotbs01.dbf
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00004 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/users01.dbf
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00006 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/plas01.dbf
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00007 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/pl01.dbf
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00008 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/help01.dbf
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00009 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/adobelc01.dbf
- channel c1: restoring datafile 00010 to /home/oradata/pwerdes/sms01.dbf
- channel c1: reading from backup piece /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PDUNQ/backupset/2015_02_07/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150207T182252_bfcsvxoz_.bkp
- channel c1: piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PDUNQ/backupset/2015_02_07/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150207T182252_bfcsvxoz_.bkp tag=TAG20150207T182252
- channel c1: restored backup piece 1
- channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:04:05
- Finished restore at 07-FEB-15
-
-
- contents of Memory Script:
- {
- switch clone datafile all;
- }
- executing Memory Script
-
-
- datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=871067691 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/system01.dbf
- datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=871067691 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/sysaux01.dbf
- datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=871067691 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/undotbs01.dbf
- datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=871067691 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/users01.dbf
- datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=871067691 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/plas01.dbf
- datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=871067691 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/pl01.dbf
- datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=871067691 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/help01.dbf
- datafile 9 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=871067692 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/adobelc01.dbf
- datafile 10 switched to datafile copy
- input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=871067692 file name=/home/oradata/pwerdes/sms01.dbf
-
-
- contents of Memory Script:
- {
- set until scn 10903678943;
- recover
- standby
- clone database
- delete archivelog
- ;
- }
- executing Memory Script
-
-
- executing command: SET until clause
-
-
- Starting recover at 07-FEB-15
-
-
- starting media recovery
-
-
- archived log for thread 1 with sequence 302 is already on disk as file /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/archivelog/1_302_870804216.dbf
- archived log file name=/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/archivelog/1_302_870804216.dbf thread=1 sequence=302
- media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
- Finished recover at 07-FEB-15
- Finished Duplicate Db at 07-FEB-15
-
-
- released channel: c1
-
-
- released channel: c2
-
-
- RMAN> exit
3.7 standby上修改参数文件
先关闭oracle
shutdown immediate
然后开始修改参数文件
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
vim initpowerdes.ora
# 主要是修改db_unique_name
*.db_unique_name='pdunq_dg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdesXDB)'
*.fal_client='PD1'
*.fal_server='PD2'
*.global_names=FALSE
*.job_queue_processes=1000
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pddgunq)'
重新创建参数文件
create spfile from pfile;
3.8 启动数据库
startup nomount;
alter database mount standby database;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
4，检查看到归档没有过来
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination ?/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 0
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 0
SQL>
看到归档信息为0，说明primary上的redo日志没有传到standby上来。
4.1，查看alert日志
[oracle@powerlong5 trace]$ tail -f /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pdunq_dg/powerdes/trace/alert_powerdes.log
MRP0 started with pid=41, OS id=21243
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (powerdes)
started logmerger process
Sat Feb 07 20:12:18 2015
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
Parallel Media Recovery started with 4 slaves
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 303
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
查看日志传输情况
select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log;
SELECT sequence#,to_char(first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') first_time,to_char(next_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') next_time from v$archived_log;
primary :
问题分析解决：
primary主库上的alert日志有错：
Error 12154 received logging on to the standby
Errors in file /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pdunq/powerdes/trace/powerdes_arc2_22609.trc:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
PING[ARC2]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'pdunq_dg'. Error is 12154.
错误很清晰了，主库无法检测到从库存在
tns 12154 错误，主库无法 tnsping pdunq_dg
tnsping standby库报错
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ tnsping pdunq_dg
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 08-FEB-2015 21:42:26
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$
参数文件里面
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pdunq_dg lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg'
SERVICE=pdunq_dg 要和tnsnames.ora里面的保持一致。
4.2，去tnsnames.ora里面修改配置
去把tnsnames.ora里面的改成pdunq_dg即可。
重启lsnrctl，然后查看从库归档日志，有日志了，如下所示：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 350
Next log sequence to archive 0
Current log sequence 351
SQL>
备库切换到open状态：
退出redo应用状态
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
PS：停止standby的redo应用 ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;注意，此时只是暂时redo 应用，并不是停止Standby 数据库，standby 仍会保持接收只不过不会再应用 接收到的归档，直到你再次启动redo 应用为止。类似mysql里面的stop slave功能;
打开standby上的oracle库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
再应用redo日志
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect ;
Database altered.
SQL>
去primary、standby库上面执行检查
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
查看最新的scn：
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
primary和standby都保持一致，OK，dataguard搭建完成。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
有，文章允许转载，但必须以链接方式注明源地址，否则追究法律责任!>
原博客地址： http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1432637/
原作者：黄杉 (mchdba)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1432637/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1432637/