20. Valid Parentheses

题目链接
tag:

• Easy

question:
  Given a string containing just the characters '(', ')', '{', '}', '[' and ']', determine if the input string is valid.

An input string is valid if:

• Open brackets must be closed by the same type of brackets.
• Open brackets must be closed in the correct order.

Note:
Note that an empty string is also considered valid.

Example 1:

Input: "()"
Output: true

Example 2:

Input: "()[]{}"
Output: true
Example 3:

Example 3:

Input: "(]"
Output: false
Example 4:

Example 4:

Input: "([)]"
Output: false

Example 5:

Input: "{[]}"
Output: true

思路：
  这道题让我们验证输入的字符串是否为括号字符串，包括大括号，中括号和小括号。这里我们需要用一个栈，我们开始遍历输入字符串，如果当前字符为左半边括号时，则将其压入栈中，如果遇到右半边括号时，若此时栈为空，则直接返回false，如不为空，则取出栈顶元素，若为对应的左半边括号，则继续循环，反之返回false，代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    bool isValid(string s) {
        stack parentheses;
        for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
            if (s[i] == '(' || s[i] == '[' || s[i] == '{') parentheses.push(s[i]);
            else {
                if (parentheses.empty()) return false;
                if (s[i] == ')' && parentheses.top() != '(') return false;
                if (s[i] == ']' && parentheses.top() != '[') return false;
                if (s[i] == '}' && parentheses.top() != '{') return false;
                parentheses.pop();
            }
        }
        return parentheses.empty();
    }
};