Java源码的理解
一、ArrayList
/**
* Default initial capacity.
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return true (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
/**
* Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
* number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); // 每次扩容为1.5倍
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}1. ArrayList什么时候会扩容？括多少？
答：每次添加元素之前会检查，如果已经装满了就会扩容。每次扩容为原来的1.5倍。
二、HashMap
/**
* The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
*/
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
/**
* The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
* by either of the constructors with arguments.
* MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
*/
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
/**
* The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
*/
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
/**
* The bin count threshold for using a tree rather than list for a
* bin. Bins are converted to trees when adding an element to a
* bin with at least this many nodes. The value must be greater
* than 2 and should be at least 8 to mesh with assumptions in
* tree removal about conversion back to plain bins upon
* shrinkage.
*/
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
/**
* The bin count threshold for untreeifying a (split) bin during a
* resize operation. Should be less than TREEIFY_THRESHOLD, and at
* most 6 to mesh with shrinkage detection under removal.
*/
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
/**
* The smallest table capacity for which bins may be treeified.
* (Otherwise the table is resized if too many nodes in a bin.)
* Should be at least 4 * TREEIFY_THRESHOLD to avoid conflicts
* between resizing and treeification thresholds.
*/
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
/**
* Initializes or doubles table size. If null, allocates in
* accord with initial capacity target held in field threshold.
* Otherwise, because we are using power-of-two expansion, the
* elements from each bin must either stay at same index, or move
* with a power of two offset in the new table.
*
* @return the table
*/
final Node[] resize() {
Node[] oldTab = table;
int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
int oldThr = threshold;
int newCap, newThr = 0;
if (oldCap > 0) {
if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return oldTab;
}
else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
}
else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
newCap = oldThr;
else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
if (newThr == 0) {
float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
(int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
threshold = newThr;
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
Node[] newTab = (Node[])new Node[newCap];
table = newTab;
if (oldTab != null) {
for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
Node e;
if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
oldTab[j] = null;
if (e.next == null)
newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
else { // preserve order
Node loHead = null, loTail = null;
Node hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
Node next;
do {
next = e.next;
// 关键代码就是if中的判断
// 扩容之后，oldCap的最高位（唯一的1）左移了一位
// 当hash的这一位为0就留在原位，为1则移动到扩展后的地方
if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
if (loTail == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
}
else {
if (hiTail == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
}
} while ((e = next) != null);
if (loTail != null) {
loTail.next = null;
newTab[j] = loHead;
}
if (hiTail != null) {
hiTail.next = null;
newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
}
}
}
}
}
return newTab;
}
1. HashMap什么时候会扩容？括多少？
答：有两种情况。(1) table中元素数目 > 容量*负载因子，且新建的Entry刚好落在一个非空的桶上；(2) 当table中元素数目 < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY时，但是新建的Entry所落桶中的元素数量 > TREEIFY_THRESHOLD。
每次扩容为原来的2倍。
2. HashMap什么时候会树化？
答：当table中元素数目 > MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY时，如果有某个桶的元素数量 > TREEIFY_THRESHOLD。
三、HashSet
1. LinkedHashSet的实现
LinkedHashSet是基于HashSet实现的，HashSet是基于HashMap实现的。
在HashSet中，专为LinkedHashSet提供的构造方法如下，该方法为包访问权限，并未对外公开。
/**
* 以指定的initialCapacity和loadFactor构造一个新的空链接哈希集合。
* 此构造函数为包访问权限，不对外公开，实际只是是对LinkedHashSet的支持。
*
* 实际底层会以指定的参数构造一个空LinkedHashMap实例来实现。
* @param initialCapacity 初始容量。
* @param loadFactor 加载因子。
* @param dummy 标记。
*/
HashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean dummy) {
map = new LinkedHashMap(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
} 其中dummy（伪造的）变量就是用来标记,是否是LinkedHashSet在调用它。LinkedHashSet会将其设置为true。
/**
* 构造一个带默认初始容量16和加载因子0.75的新空链接哈希set。
*
* 底层会调用父类的构造方法，构造一个带默认初始容量16和加载因子0.75的LinkedHashMap实例。
*/
public LinkedHashSet() {
super(16, .75f, true);
}