Spring Cloud(三)服务消费者(feign)

一、Feign简介

Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign,只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon,并和Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。

简而言之:

  • Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
  • Feign 整合了ribbon,具有负载均衡的能力
  • 整合了Hystrix,具有熔断的能力

二、准备工作

继续用上一节的工程, 启动eureka-server,端口为8761; 启动eureka-client 两次,端口分别为8762 、8763.

三、创建feign服务

新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为serice-feign,在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:



    4.0.0

    com.example
    service-feign
    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    jar

    service-feign
    Demo project for Spring Boot

    
        com.example
        spring-cloud
        0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
    

    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        

        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-openfeign
        

        
            org.springframework.cloud
            spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client
        
    

在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名为service-feign,端口号为8765,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代码如下:

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

server:
  port: 8765

spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign

在程序的启动类ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能:

package com.example.servicefeign;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceFeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了eureka-client服务的“/hi”接口,代码如下:

package com.example.servicefeign.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(value = "eureka-client")
public interface HiService {
    @RequestMapping(value = "hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String sayhiclient(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个"/hi"的API接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端HiService来消费服务。代码如下:

package com.example.servicefeign.controller;

import com.example.servicefeign.service.HiService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HiController {

    //编译器报错,无视。 因为这个Bean是在程序启动的时候注入的,编译器感知不到,所以报错。
    @Autowired
    HiService service;

    @GetMapping(value = "/hi")
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name) {
        return service.sayhiclient( name );
    }

}

启动程序,多次访问 http://localhost:8765/hi?name=forezp,浏览器交替显示:

8673

8672

Feign源码解析: http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/73480304

参考资料

大佬的文章 https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/81040965

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