概念

Json: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON
Protobuf: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Buffers

测试脚本

protobuf schema (test.proto)

message Test {
    optional int32 aaa = 1;
    repeated string bbb = 2;
}

编译test.proto

 array(
            'name' => 'aaa',
            'required' => false,
            'type' => 5,
        ),
        self::BBB => array(
            'name' => 'bbb',
            'repeated' => true,
            'type' => 7,
        ),
    );

    /**
     * Constructs new message container and clears its internal state
     *
     * @return null
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->reset();
    }

    /**
     * Clears message values and sets default ones
     *
     * @return null
     */
    public function reset()
    {
        $this->values[self::AAA] = null;
        $this->values[self::BBB] = array();
    }

    /**
     * Returns field descriptors
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function fields()
    {
        return self::$fields;
    }

    /**
     * Sets value of 'aaa' property
     *
     * @param int $value Property value
     *
     * @return null
     */
    public function setAaa($value)
    {
        return $this->set(self::AAA, $value);
    }

    /**
     * Returns value of 'aaa' property
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function getAaa()
    {
        return $this->get(self::AAA);
    }

    /**
     * Appends value to 'bbb' list
     *
     * @param string $value Value to append
     *
     * @return null
     */
    public function appendBbb($value)
    {
        return $this->append(self::BBB, $value);
    }

    /**
     * Clears 'bbb' list
     *
     * @return null
     */
    public function clearBbb()
    {
        return $this->clear(self::BBB);
    }

    /**
     * Returns 'bbb' list
     *
     * @return string[]
     */
    public function getBbb()
    {
        return $this->get(self::BBB);
    }

    /**
     * Returns 'bbb' iterator
     *
     * @return ArrayIterator
     */
    public function getBbbIterator()
    {
        return new ArrayIterator($this->get(self::BBB));
    }

    /**
     * Returns element from 'bbb' list at given offset
     *
     * @param int $offset Position in list
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getBbbAt($offset)
    {
        return $this->get(self::BBB, $offset);
    }

    /**
     * Returns count of 'bbb' list
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function getBbbCount()
    {
        return $this->count(self::BBB);
    }
}

php测试脚本

_do_run($test);
        }
        print_r($this->report);
    }

    /**
     * 运行测试数据
     * @param $count
     */
    private function _do_run($count){

        $this->_get_data($count);
        $encode_report  = $this->_encode();
        $decode_report  = $this->_decode();
        $this->report[] = array_merge($encode_report, $decode_report);
    }

    /**
     * 序列化
     * @return array
     */
    private function _encode(){

        //json
        $this->data_json  = null;
        $s_mem            = memory_get_usage();
        $s_time           = microtime(true);
        $this->data_json  = json_encode($this->test_data);
        $e_time           = microtime(true);
        $e_mem            = memory_get_usage();
        $length_json      = number_format(mb_strlen($this->data_json) / 1024, 7, '.', '');
        $encode_meme_json = $e_mem - $s_mem;
        $encode_time_json = $e_time - $s_time;

        //protobuf
        $test_obj      = new Test();
        $this->data_pb = null;
        $test_obj->setAaa($this->test_data['aaa']);
        if(isset($this->test_data['bbb']) && count($this->test_data['bbb']) > 0){
            foreach($this->test_data['bbb'] as $b){
                $test_obj->appendBbb($b);
            }
        }
        $s_mem          = memory_get_usage();
        $s_time         = microtime(true);
        $this->data_pb  = $test_obj->serializeToString();
        $e_time         = microtime(true);
        $e_mem          = memory_get_usage();
        $length_pb      = number_format(mb_strlen($this->data_pb) / 1024, 7, '.', '');
        $encode_meme_pb = $e_mem - $s_mem;
        $encode_time_pb = $e_time - $s_time;
        $test_obj       = null;

        return array(
            'length_js'      => $length_json,
            'length_pb'      => $length_pb,
            'length_p'       => ($length_json - $length_pb) * 100 / $length_pb,
            'encode_mem_js'  => $encode_meme_json,
            'encode_mem_pb'  => $encode_meme_pb,
            'encode_mem_p'   => ($encode_meme_json - $encode_meme_pb) * 100 / $encode_meme_pb,
            'encode_time_js' => $encode_time_json,
            'encode_time_pb' => $encode_time_pb,
            'encode_time_p'  => ($encode_time_json - $encode_time_pb) * 100 / $encode_time_pb,
        );
    }

    /**
     * 解序列化
     * @return array
     */
    private function _decode(){

        //json
        $s_mem            = memory_get_usage();
        $s_time           = microtime(true);
        $d                = json_decode($this->data_json, 1);
        $e_time           = microtime(true);
        $e_mem            = memory_get_usage();
        $decode_meme_json = $e_mem - $s_mem;
        $decode_time_json = $e_time - $s_time;
        $d                = null;

        //protobuf
        $test_obj = new Test();
        $s_mem    = memory_get_usage();
        $s_time   = microtime(true);
        $test_obj->parseFromString($this->data_pb);
        $e_time         = microtime(true);
        $e_mem          = memory_get_usage();
        $decode_meme_pb = $e_mem - $s_mem;
        $decode_time_pb = $e_time - $s_time;
        $test_obj       = null;

        return array(
            'decode_mem_js'  => $decode_meme_json,
            'decode_mem_pb'  => $decode_meme_pb,
            'decode_mem_p'   => ($decode_meme_json - $decode_meme_pb) * 100 / $decode_meme_pb,
            'decode_time_js' => $decode_time_json,
            'decode_time_pb' => $decode_time_pb,
            'decode_time_p'  => ($decode_time_json - $decode_time_pb) * 100 / $decode_time_pb,
        );
    }

    /**
     * 构造数据
     * @param $count
     */
    private function _get_data($count){

        $this->test_data['aaa'] = mt_rand(0, $count);
        for($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++){
            $this->test_data['bbb'][] = $this->get_str(100);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获得随机字符串
     * @param $length
     * @return string
     */
    private function get_str($length){

        $data  = '';
        $count = count(self::$str);
        for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++){
            $data .= self::$str[mt_rand(0, $count - 1)];
        }

        return $data;
    }
}

$s = new SerializeTest();
$s->run();

执行测试脚本
php index.php
输出结果

制作报表 https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kU0HpUvcG-C6JK8GU-zKSxjKCewYt94lsRqNftaEfME/edit?usp=sharing
报表
- 数据报表
- 数据大小
内存消耗
耗时对比
结论
protobuf比json在执行时间上是最大的收益，至少一个数量级；
其次是数据包的大小，protobuf比json少三分之二；
序列化的内存消耗protobuf是json的三分之一；
protobuf比json略麻烦一些，可以通过自动化脚本优化。

深入了解原理请访问
http://www.jianshu.com/p/ec39f79c0412

PHP序列化对比（Protobuf&Json）

概念

测试脚本

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