参考网站：http://blog.csdn.net/liumm0000/article/details/18841197
http://www.yesky.com/187/1754687.shtml
oracle官网下载rpm安装包:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 参考第一个网址安装mysql,后一个网址有mysql基本操作,包版本号一定要一样，之前试过不一样版本server-client，结果出现不可预知的问题。
a. 检查MySQL及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）
1 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
2 mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
3 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs*
b. 下载Linux对应的RPM包，如：CentOS6.4_64对应的RPM包，如下：
1 [root@localhost rpm]# ll
2 total 74364
3 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18442536 Dec 11 20:19 MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3340660 Dec 11 20:06 MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 54360600 Dec 11 20:03 MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
c. 安装mysql
1 [root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
2 [root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
3 [root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
4 #修改配置文件位置
5 [root@localhost rpm]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
d. 初始化MySQL及设置密码
1 [root@localhost rpm]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db
2 [root@localhost rpm]# service mysql start
3 [root@localhost rpm]# cat /root/.mysql_secret #查看root账号密码
4 # The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): qKTaFZnl
5 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl
6 mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); #设置密码为123456
7 mysql> exit
8 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
e. 允许远程登陆
01 mysql> use mysql;
02 mysql> select host,user,password from user;
03 +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
04 | host | user | password |
05 +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
06 | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
07 | localhost.localdomain | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
08 | 127.0.0.1 | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
09 | ::1 | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
10 +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
11
12 mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
13 mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
14 mysql> flush privileges;
15 mysql> exit
f. 设置开机自启动
1 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on
2 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
3 mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
g. MySQL的默认安装位置
1 /var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录
2 /usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录
3 /usr/bin #相关命令目录
4 /etc/init.d/mysql #启动脚本
修改字符集和数据存储路径
配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.
[html] view plain copy
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
#(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：表名区分大小写，列名不区分大小写； 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写)
lower_case_table_names=1
#(设置最大连接数，默认为 151，MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )
max_connections=1000
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
查看字符集
show variables like '%collation%';
show variables like '%char%';