Django开发REST接口

现在使用图书管理案例来写一套支持图书数据增删改查的REST API接口

---

# views.py

from datetime import datetime

class BooksAPIVIew(View):
    """
    查询所有图书、增加图书
    """
    def get(self, request):
        """
        查询所有图书
        路由：GET /books/
        """
        queryset = BookInfo.objects.all()
        book_list = []
        for book in queryset:
            book_list.append({
                'id': book.id,
                'btitle': book.btitle,
                'bpub_date': book.bpub_date,
                'bread': book.bread,
                'bcomment': book.bcomment,
                'image': book.image.url if book.image else ''
            })
        return JsonResponse(book_list, safe=False)

    def post(self, request):
        """
        新增图书
        路由：POST /books/ 
        """
        json_bytes = request.body
        json_str = json_bytes.decode()
        book_dict = json.loads(json_str)

        # 此处详细的校验参数省略

        book = BookInfo.objects.create(
            btitle=book_dict.get('btitle'),
            bpub_date=datetime.strptime(book_dict.get('bpub_date'), '%Y-%m-%d').date()
        )

        return JsonResponse({
            'id': book.id,
            'btitle': book.btitle,
            'bpub_date': book.bpub_date,
            'bread': book.bread,
            'bcomment': book.bcomment,
            'image': book.image.url if book.image else ''
        }, status=201)


class BookAPIView(View):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        """
        获取单个图书信息
        路由： GET  /books//
        """
        try:
            book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
            return HttpResponse(status=404)

        return JsonResponse({
            'id': book.id,
            'btitle': book.btitle,
            'bpub_date': book.bpub_date,
            'bread': book.bread,
            'bcomment': book.bcomment,
            'image': book.image.url if book.image else ''
        })

    def put(self, request, pk):
        """
        修改图书信息
        路由： PUT  /books/
        """
        try:
            book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
            return HttpResponse(status=404)

        json_bytes = request.body
        json_str = json_bytes.decode()
        book_dict = json.loads(json_str)

        # 此处详细的校验参数省略

        book.btitle = book_dict.get('btitle')
        book.bpub_date = datetime.strptime(book_dict.get('bpub_date'), '%Y-%m-%d').date()
        book.save()

        return JsonResponse({
            'id': book.id,
            'btitle': book.btitle,
            'bpub_date': book.bpub_date,
            'bread': book.bread,
            'bcomment': book.bcomment,
            'image': book.image.url if book.image else ''
        })

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        """
        删除图书
        路由： DELETE /books//
        """
        try:
            book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except BookInfo.DoesNotExist:
            return HttpResponse(status=404)

        book.delete()

        return HttpResponse(status=204)

# urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^books/$', views.BooksAPIVIew.as_view()),
    url(r'^books/(?P\d+)/$', views.BookAPIView.as_view())
]

---

通过以上案例可以发现，开发REST 接口时，视图主要做了三件事：

• 将请求的数据（如JSON格式）转换为模型类对象
• 操作数据库
• 将模型类对象转换为响应的数据（如JSON格式）

总结

在开发REST API接口时，在视图中做的最核心的事情是：

• 将数据库数据序列化为前端需要的格式，并返回
• 将前端发送的数据反序列化为模型类对象，并保存到数据库