原文出处:http://gemantic.iteye.com/blog/1199214
一、About thrift
二、什么是thrift,怎么工作?
三、Thrift IDL
四、Thrift Demo
五、Thrift 协议栈 以及各层的使用(java 为例)
六、与protocolbuffer的区别
一、About thrift
thrift是一种可伸缩的跨语言服务的发展软件框架。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈的代码生成引擎,以建设服务,工作效率和无缝地与C + +,C#,Java,Python和PHP和Ruby结合。thrift是facebook开发的,我们现在把它作为开源软件使用。thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件,编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言(来自百度百科)。
>>>最初由facebook开发用做系统内个语言之间的RPC通信 。
>>>2007年由facebook贡献到apache基金 ,现在是apache下的opensource之一 。
>>>支持多种语言之间的RPC方式的通信:php语言client可以构造一个对象,调用相应的服务方法来调用java语言的服务 ,跨越语言的C/S rpc 调用 。
二、什么是thrift,怎么工作?
java rmi的例子,代码见附件,建立一个java rmi的流程 :
>>>定义一个服务调用接口 。
>>>server端:接口实现---impl的实例---注册该服务实现(端口)---启动服务。
>>>client端:通过ip、端口、服务名,得到服务,通过接口来调用 。
>>>rmi数据传输方式:java对象序列化 。
Thrift 服务
>>>例同rmi ,需要定义通信接口、实现、注册服务、绑定端口……
>>>如何多种语言之间通信 ?
>>>数据传输走socket(多种语言均支持),数据再以特定的格式(String ),发送,接收方语言解析 。
Object ---> String ---> Object 。
问题:编码、解析完全需要自己做 ,复杂的数据结构会编码困难 .
Thrift 服务 :thrift的中间编码层
>>>java Object ---> Thrift Object ---> php Object
>>> 定义thrift的文件 ,由thrift文件(IDL)生成 双方语言的接口、model ,在生成的model以及接口中会有解码编码的代码 。
>>>thrift 文件例子
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen java TestThrift.thrift 生成java 代码
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen php TestThrift.thrift 生成php代码
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen py TestThrift.thrift 生成python代码
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen as3 TestThrift.thrift 生成as3代码
thrift-0.7.0.exe -r -gen cpp TestThrift.thrift 生成C++代码
三、Thrift IDL
http://www.cnblogs.com/tianhuilove/archive/2011/09/05/2167669.html
http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/
http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/ThriftTypes
四、Thrift Demo
Thrift IDL 文件
Java代码
namespace java com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index struct NewsModel{ 1:i32 id ; 2:string title; 3:string content; 4:string media_from; 5:string author; } service IndexNewsOperatorServices { bool indexNews(1:NewsModel indexNews), bool deleteArtificiallyNews(1:i32 id ) }
java server
Java代码
package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer; import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerTransport; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportFactory; public class ThriftServerTest { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor processor = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor(new IndexNewsOperatorServicesImpl()); try{ TServerTransport serverTransport = new TServerSocket( new InetSocketAddress("0.0.0.0",9813)); Args trArgs=new Args(serverTransport); trArgs.processor(processor); //使用二进制来编码应用层的数据 trArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(true, true)); //使用普通的socket来传输数据 trArgs.transportFactory(new TTransportFactory()); TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(trArgs); System.out.println("server begin ......................"); server.serve(); System.out.println("---------------------------------------"); server.stop(); }catch(Exception e){ throw new RuntimeException("index thrift server start failed!!"+"/n"+e.getMessage()); } } }
java client
Java代码
package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index; import org.apache.thrift.TException; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket; import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport; public class ThriftClientTest { /** * @param args * @throws TException */ public static void main(String[] args) throws TException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813); long start=System.currentTimeMillis(); // TTransport transport = new TSocket("218.11.178.110",9090); TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport); IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client=new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol); transport.open(); client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123456); NewsModel newsModel=new NewsModel(); newsModel.setId(789456); newsModel.setTitle("this from java client"); newsModel.setContent(" 世界杯比赛前,由于塞尔维亚和黑山突然宣布分裂,国际足联开会决定剔除塞黑,由世界上球迷最多的国家顶替,名额恰巧来到中国。举国上下一片欢腾,中国足协决定由“成世铎”(成龙+阎世铎)组队,进军世界杯。"); newsModel.setAuthor("ddc"); newsModel.setMedia_from("新华08"); client.indexNews(newsModel); transport.close(); System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis()-start)); System.out.println("client sucess!"); } }
php client
Php代码
'1', 'title'=>'demo-标题', 'content'=>'demo-内容', 'media_from'=>'hexun', 'author'=>'xiaodi667' ); $thrif_server_url = '10.0.0.41'; $transport = new TSocket($thrif_server_url, 9813); $transport->open(); $protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport); $client= new IndexNewsOperatorServicesClient($protocol, $protocol); $obj = new NewsModel($data); $result = $client->indexNews($obj); $transport->close(); ?>
python client
Python代码
#!/usr/bin/env python # # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file # distributed with this work for additional information # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, # software distributed under the License is distributed on an # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY # KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the # specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. # import sys from TestThrift.ttypes import NewsModel from TestThrift.IndexNewsOperatorServices import Client from thrift import Thrift from thrift.transport import TSocket from thrift.transport import TTransport from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol try: # Make socket transport = TSocket.TSocket('10.0.0.41', 9813) # Buffering is critical. Raw sockets are very slow transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport) # Wrap in a protocol protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport) # Create a client to use the protocol encoder client = Client(protocol) # Connect! transport.open() client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123) newsModel=NewsModel() newsModel.id=123456 newsModel.title="python Test" newsModel.content="client test come from python"; newsModel.media_from="xinhua08" client.indexNews(newsModel) #close transport.close() except Thrift.TException, tx: print '%s' % (tx.message)
Csharp client
C#代码
TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813); TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport); IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol); transport.Open(); NewsModel model = new NewsModel(); model.Author = "jww"; model.Title = "title"; model.Content = "client Come From CSharp"; model.Id = 1; client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123); Console.WriteLine(client.indexNews(model));
五、Thrift 协议栈 以及各层的使用(java 为例)
1、model interface
服务的调用接口以及接口参数model、返回值model
2、Tprotocol 协议层
将数据(model)编码 、解码 。
3、Ttramsport 传输层
编码后的数据传输(简单socket、http)
5、Tserver
服务的Tserver类型,实现了几种rpc调用(单线程、多线程、非阻塞IO)
六、与protocolbuffer的区别
http://liuchangit.com/development/346.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/69316/biggest-differences-of-thrift-vs-protocol-buffers
区别:
1、Another important difference are the languages supported by default. protobuf: Java, C++, Python Thrift: Java, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, Smalltalk, Ocaml
支持语言不同,thrift支持着更多的语言 。
2、Thrift supports ‘exceptions 。
thrift支持服务的异常 。
3、Protocol Buffers much easier to read 。Protobuf API looks cleaner, though the generated classes are all packed as an inner classes which is not so nice.
Protocol Buffers 在文档方面比thrift丰富,而且比thrift简单 。
4、Protobuf serialized objects are about 30% smaller then Thrift.
Protocol Buffers在序列化/反序列化、传输上性能更优 。
5、RPC is another key difference. Thrift generates code to implement RPC clients and servers wheres Protocol Buffers seems mostly designed as a data-interchange format alone.
thrift提供了一套完整的rpc服务实现(多线程socket、非阻塞的socket....)
6、And according to the wiki the Thrift runtime doesn't run on Windows.
thrift 对有些语言在windows上不支持:C++ .....