CentOS下安装MySQL5.6

环境：
linux:CentOS release 6.8

mysql: MySQL Community Server 5.6.38

一、检查mysql的rpm相关包, 并安装共享库
[root@mysqlmaster mysqlinstall]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
如果存在删除：
[root@mysqlmaster mysqlinstall]# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) is needed by (installed)
postfix-2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64
mysql-libs is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64
忽略依赖包删除
[root@redis1 mysqlinstall]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
或者删除依赖包 [root@mysqlmaster mysqlinstall]# yum -y remove mysql-libs
[root@mysqlmaster mysqlinstall]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

安装 MySQL-shared-compat 替换 mysql-libs

[root@MiniMaster mysqlinstall]# rpm -ivh MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

二、安装mysql 服务端：
上传下载的安装包 MySQL-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
解压：
tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@mysqlmaster mysqlinstall]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-server-5.6.28-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID
5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.28-1.el6.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.28-1.el6.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.28-1.el6.x86_64
安装缺失依赖包
[root@mysqlmaster mysqlinstall]# yum install numactl
安装 mysql 服务端
[root@mysqlmaster mysqlinstall]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-server-5.6.38-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID
5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%]
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
warning: user mysql does not exist - using root
warning: group mysql does not exist - using root
2017-12-15 16:43:43 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please
use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-12-15 16:43:43 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with
--bootstrap.
A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.
......
三、安装mysql 客户端
[root@mysqlmaster mysqlinstall]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.28-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-client-5.6.28-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID
5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]
-1-

H:\1.Repository\Linux下安装MySQL 5.6说明书.txt 2017年12月18日 8:42

四、修改root账号密码，测试 MySQL
打开安装过程随机产生的密码文件
[root@MiniMaster ~]# cat .mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Fri Dec 15 16:43:48 2017 (local time):
aTP6sEXZUlKxwVqJ
启动服务
[root@MiniMaster ~]# service mysql start
输入随机密码登录
[root@MiniMaster ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
production servers.
-- 设置密码
mysql> set password=password('123456'); --- 设置 root 用户密码 123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
-- 测试查询
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
-- 退出

mysql> exit

五、迁移数据库目录，修改mysql 配置文件
由于 MySQL 数据库目录占用磁盘比较大，而 MySQL 默认的数据文件存储目录为
/"var/lib/mysql" ，也可以把要把数据目录移到 "/" 根目录下的 "data" 目录中。
-- 建立数据库存放目录
mkdir /data
停止 MySql 服务进程： /etc/init.d/mysql stop 或 mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
把 "/var/lib/mysql" 整个目录移到 "/data"
mv /var/lib/mysql /data
拷贝配置文件作修改
[root@MiniMaster ~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf
-- 修改 mysqld 部分的配置内容，如下
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
datadir = /data/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
-- 启动 mysql 服务
[root@mysqlmaster mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
-- 登录
[root@MiniMaster ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket
'/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)
如果出现上面错误，提示说无法通过 socket 文件 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 连接到 mysql 服务器，也就是说
对于 mysql 程序来说，
尽管我把 socket 文件从 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 转移到了 /data/mysql/mysql.sock, 并且在 my.cnf 里指定
mysqld 配置，但是
对于 mysql 还是会从默认的安装目录 /var/lib/mysql/ 里找这个 mysql.sock 文件，所以才会出现上错误。
所以，作出下操作
[root@MiniMaster ~]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
-- 建立链接
[root@MiniMaster ~]# ln -s /data/mysql/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/
-- 再次登录成功
[root@MiniMaster ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.6.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

六、设置root用户支持远程登录：

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *F4368ED34678C82DC260E668501F2FA7201F34EB |
| mysqlmaster | root | *F7FFE6B0AA46DE21A8F0520CE00A0927B01B125D |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *F7FFE6B0AA46DE21A8F0520CE00A0927B01B125D |
| ::1 | root | *F7FFE6B0AA46DE21A8F0520CE00A0927B01B125D |
+-------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set password=password('root001') where user='root';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| % | root | *F4368ED34678C82DC260E668501F2FA7201F34EB |
| mysqlmaster | root | *F4368ED34678C82DC260E668501F2FA7201F34EB |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *F4368ED34678C82DC260E668501F2FA7201F34EB |
| ::1 | root | *F4368ED34678C82DC260E668501F2FA7201F34EB |
+-------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
( 测试时记得关闭 iptables)
七、其它内容
1 、 MySQL 的几个重要目录。
MySQL 安装完成后，它的数据库文件、配置文件和命令文件分别在不同的目录，了解这些目录非常重要，因
为 Linux 本身的目录结构就比较复杂，
如果搞不清楚 MySQL 的安装目录那就无从谈起深入学习。
a 、数据库目录 /var/lib/mysql/
b 、配置文件 /usr/share/mysql （ mysql.server 命令及配置文件）
c 、相关命令 /usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump 等命令 )
d 、启动脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/ （启动脚本文件 mysql 的目录）
如： /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start/restart/stop/statu