cobber批量安装操作系统以及磁盘阵列raid1分区配置
本文以虚拟机RED HAT6.10系统上安装cobbler服务，来批量安装操作系统Centos7为案例讲解。
服务器配置：
- 型号：dell R730
- 磁盘：2 * 1T stat磁盘 2 * 1T sas磁盘
- 内存：4 * 16G
要求：
- 2块sas 1T磁盘做阵列，用于系统盘
- 2块sata 1T磁盘做数据盘
第一部分：虚拟机安装cobbler服务
1.系统配置
2.安装cobbler服务
3.配置服务
4.自定义Kickstart模板(Centos7)
第二部分：需安装操作系统的服务器
一、以虚拟机为例演示
二、以真实服务器演示为例
曾遇到的坑
第一部分：虚拟机安装cobbler服务
1.系统配置
- 设置桥接模式（同一局域网即可批量安装）（选择一个较少人用的1.200）
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.200
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
HWADDR=00:0C:29:51:C9:33- 关闭防火墙
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off- 关闭SELinux（修改完重启）
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
reboot- 安装yum
# 卸载本地yum
rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
# 下载centos yum 程序
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
# 安装centos yum程序
rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-81.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-41.el6.noarch.rpm yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
# 下载163镜像
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
sed -i 's/$releasever/6/g' CentOS6-Base-163.repo
# 清除缓存并更新
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum update
2.安装cobbler服务
- 安装PackageKit依赖
yum remove 'rhn-check-1.0.0.1-16.el6.noarch'
yum -y install PackageKit-glib
yum -y install abrt-addon-ccpp
yum -y install PackageKit-yum
yum -y install PackageKit-yum-plugin
yum -y install python-simplejson- 安装Django14
wget https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/Django14/1.4.14/1.el6/noarch/Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm- 安装cobbler
yum install -y cobbler cobbler-web tftp xinetd dhcp cman pykickstart debmirror syslinux net-tools- 安装cobbler依赖包
yum install -y ed patch perl perl-Compress-Zlib perl-Digest-SHA1 perl-LockFile-Simple perl-libwww-perl fence-agents- 设置开机启动
chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig dhcpd on
chkconfig xinetd on
chkconfig cobblerd on
3.配置服务
- 配置httpd
sed -i 's/#ServerName www.example.com:80/ServerName 127.0.0.1:80/' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
service httpd restart- 配置cobbler
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.200/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
- 配置新装操作系统用户名密码
[root@sky yum.repos.d]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'root' 'sky@123'
$1$root$8e67rDXAsnndS790noSQV0
[root@sky yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$root$8e67rDXAsnndS790noSQV0" - 配置cobber_web (Web页面默认不允许任何人登录，需要手动修改认证相关配置)
useradd admin
passwd admin
sed -i 's/admin = ""/admin = "admin"/' /etc/cobbler/users.conf
sed -i 's/module = authn_configfile/module = authn_pam/' /etc/cobbler/modules.conf- 配置xinetd
sed -i '14s/yes/no/' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service xinetd restart- 配置dhcp，pxe
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
mv /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template.bak
vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
########################### 以下为编辑内容 #############################
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.250;
filename "/pxelinux.0";
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 192.168.1.200;
}
##################################################################- 启动服务
service cobblerd restart
service xinetd restart
cobbler sync
service dhcpd restart- 登录cobbler_web界面
访问：https://192.168.1.200/cobbler_web
账号密码：admin / admin (前面设置)
4.自定义Kickstart模板(Centos7)
- 上传需要安装的操作系统镜像至（/opt/）
- 挂载镜像
# 挂载
mkdir -p /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7-x86_64
mount -t iso9660 -o loop /opt/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7-x86_64
# 开机自动挂载
echo "/opt/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7-x86_64 iso9660 defaults,ro,loop 0 0" >> /etc/fstab- 创建ks模板
vi /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7-x86_64.ks
############################# 以下为编辑内容 ########################################
install
lang zh_CN.UTF-8
keyboard us
timezone Asia/Shanghai
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
services --enabled=NetworkManager,sshd
reboot
bootloader --location=mbr
zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=xfs --size=200 --ondisk=/dev/sdc
part / --fstype=xfs --size=204800 --ondisk=/dev/sdc
part /data0 --fstype=xfs --grow --ondisk=/dev/sdc
part /data1 --fstype xfs --size=100 --grow --ondisk=/dev/sda
part /data2 --fstype xfs --size=100 --grow --ondisk=/dev/sdb
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
repo --name=base --baseurl=http://192.168.1.200/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7-x86_64
url --url=http://192.168.1.200/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7-x86_64
%packages --ignoremissing
@base
@core
@chinese-support
ntp
net-tools
%end
%post
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
echo "0 1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 202.120.2.101;hwclock -w;" >>/var/spool/cron/root
/usr/sbin/ntpdate 202.120.2.101 >/dev/null 2>&1
cd /root
wget http://192.168.1.200/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/autoip7.sh
sh /root/autoip7.sh
%end
###################################################################################说明：sdc是阵列虚拟盘，sda、sdb分别是stat盘
ks配置参考资料：
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-08/146168.htm
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87299.htm
- 创建网络配置脚本（适用于单网卡单口）
vi /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/autoip7.sh
########################## 以下为编辑内容 ################################
#!/bin/sh
DEVICE=$(ip addr | grep '^[0-9]' |grep -v "lo"|awk -F': ' '{print $2}')
ROUTE=$(route -n|grep "^0.0.0.0"|awk '{print $2}')
BROADCAST=$(/sbin/ifconfig $DEVICE|grep broadcast|awk '{print $6}')
HWADDR=$(/sbin/ifconfig $DEVICE|grep ether|awk '{print $2}')
IPADDR=$(/sbin/ifconfig $DEVICE|grep inet|grep -v "inet6"|awk '{print $2}')
NETMASK=$(/sbin/ifconfig $DEVICE|grep netmask|awk '{print $4}')
cat >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$DEVICE<- 导入系统镜像到cobbler
cobbler import --path=/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos7-x86_64 --name=Centos7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64- profile配置
# 移除cobbler默认指定的错误profile
cobbler profile remove --name=Centos7-x86_64
# 添加我们自己设置的新profile
cobbler profile add --name=Centos7-x86_64 --distro=Centos7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7-x86_64.ks
# 刷新编辑profile
cobbler profile edit --name=Centos7-x86_64 --distro=Centos7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7-x86_64.ks
# 查看profile设置
cobbler profile report --name Centos7-x86_64- 同步
cobbler sync
第二部分：需安装操作系统的服务器
一、以虚拟机为例演示
- 新建虚拟机
- 设置为桥接模式并设置内存大小为4G(大于2G，否则无法安装)
- 开机自动安装
二、以真实服务器演示为例
- 通过服务器console口连接电脑，登录服务器idrac界面
- 初始化磁盘并配置raid阵列
- 将服务器连接网线，与虚拟机连到同一个服务器，重启即可自动安装
- 上一页面如果超时20秒，默认从本地安装，可修改配置，使超时自动安装
# 修改默认配置
vi /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
############################## 以下为编辑内容 ######################################
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT Centos7-x86_64 <== 改成超时未选择自动安装Centos7-x86_64系统
LABEL local
MENU LABEL (local)
MENU DEFAULT
LOCALBOOT -1
$pxe_menu_items
MENU end
###################################################################################
# 同步配置
cobbler sync
曾遇到的坑
- 虚拟机IP网段设置太低，或者被他人占用，导致虚拟机安装不稳定或者无法安装，应设为（192.168.1.100-200）。
- 需要安装操作系统的虚拟机内存分配太低（只有1G），导致报错（No space left on device），建议调大为2G以上。