17. Goroutine 的并发与超时控制

Goroutine 的并发与超时控制

并发

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func run(task_id, sleeptime int, ch chan string) {
    time.Sleep(time.Duration(sleeptime) * time.Second)
    ch <- fmt.Sprintf("task id %d , sleep %d second", task_id, sleeptime)
    return
}

func main() {
    input := []int{3, 2, 1}
    ch := make(chan string)
    startTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Println("Multirun start")
    for i, sleeptime := range input {
        go run(i, sleeptime, ch)
    }

    for range input {
        fmt.Println(<-ch)
    }

    endTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Printf("Multissh finished. Process time %s. Number of tasks is %d", endTime.Sub(startTime), len(input))
}

Multirun start
task id 2 , sleep 1 second
task id 1 , sleep 2 second
task id 0 , sleep 3 second
Multissh finished. Process time 3s. Number of tasks is 3
Program exited.

按序返回

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func run(task_id, sleeptime int, ch chan string) {

    time.Sleep(time.Duration(sleeptime) * time.Second)
    ch <- fmt.Sprintf("task id %d , sleep %d second", task_id, sleeptime)
    return
}

func main() {
    input := []int{3, 2, 1}
    chs := make([]chan string, len(input))
    startTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Println("Multirun start")
    for i, sleeptime := range input {
        chs[i] = make(chan string)
        go run(i, sleeptime, chs[i])
    }

    for _, ch := range chs {
        fmt.Println(<-ch)
    }

    endTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Printf("Multissh finished. Process time %s. Number of tasks is %d", endTime.Sub(startTime), len(input))
}

Multirun start
task id 0 , sleep 3 second
task id 1 , sleep 2 second
task id 2 , sleep 1 second
Multissh finished. Process time 3s. Number of tasks is 3
Program exited.

上述代码，实现按序返回的思路在于，使用了多个 channel 发送数据，那么在接收时便可以通过指定接收 channel 的顺序来实现按序返回。

---

超时控制

上面并发代码，是没有超时控制的，如果某一个 goroutine 由于意外退出，则会导致接收方一直阻塞，从而挂起主程序。

通常我们可以通过 select + time.After 来进行超时检查，例如这样，我们增加一个函数 Run() ，在 Run() 中执行 go run() 。并通过 select + time.After 进行超时判断。

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func Run(task_id, sleeptime, timeout int, ch chan string) {
    ch_run := make(chan string)
    go run(task_id, sleeptime, ch_run)
    select {
    case re := <-ch_run:
        ch <- re
    case <-time.After(time.Duration(timeout) * time.Second):
        re := fmt.Sprintf("task id %d , timeout", task_id)
        ch <- re
    }
}

func run(task_id, sleeptime int, ch chan string) {

    time.Sleep(time.Duration(sleeptime) * time.Second)
    ch <- fmt.Sprintf("task id %d , sleep %d second", task_id, sleeptime)
    return
}

func main() {
    input := []int{3, 2, 1}
    timeout := 2
    chs := make([]chan string, len(input))
    startTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Println("Multirun start")
    for i, sleeptime := range input {
        chs[i] = make(chan string)
        go Run(i, sleeptime, timeout, chs[i])
    }

    for _, ch := range chs {
        fmt.Println(<-ch)
    }
    endTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Printf("Multissh finished. Process time %s. Number of task is %d", endTime.Sub(startTime), len(input))
}

并发限制

• buffered channel：缓冲区已满，发送方阻塞；缓冲区为空，接收方阻塞。

• unbuffered channel：发送方、接收方没有同时准备好，便阻塞。

可以利用 buffered channel 来实现并发限制。

具体来讲，就是设置一个 buffered channel，在开启一个 goroutine 之前，先往该 channel 中发送数据，每个 goroutine 结束之时，从该 channel 中读取值。便可利用 buffered channel 的 size 来限制同时开启的并发数。

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func Run(task_id, sleeptime, timeout int, ch chan string) {
    ch_run := make(chan string)
    go run(task_id, sleeptime, ch_run)
    select {
    case re := <-ch_run:
        ch <- re
    case <-time.After(time.Duration(timeout) * time.Second):
        re := fmt.Sprintf("task id %d , timeout", task_id)
        ch <- re
    }
}

func run(task_id, sleeptime int, ch chan string) {

    time.Sleep(time.Duration(sleeptime) * time.Second)
    ch <- fmt.Sprintf("task id %d , sleep %d second", task_id, sleeptime)
    return
}

func main() {
    input := []int{3, 2, 1}
    timeout := 2
    chLimit := make(chan bool, 1)
    chs := make([]chan string, len(input))
    limitFunc := func(chLimit chan bool, ch chan string, task_id, sleeptime, timeout int){
        Run(task_id, sleeptime, timeout, ch)
        <-chLimit
    }
    startTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Println("Multirun start")
    for i, sleeptime := range input {
        chs[i] = make(chan string, 1) // buffered channel，用来解决本示例的 dead lock 问题。
        chLimit <- true
        go limitFunc(chLimit, chs[i], i, sleeptime, timeout)
    }

    for _, ch := range chs {
        fmt.Println(<-ch)
    }
    endTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Printf("Multissh finished. Process time %s. Number of task is %d", endTime.Sub(startTime), len(input))
}