leetcode解题笔记:Two sum系列解题思路

  • Two Sum
  • 3Sum
  • 3Sum Closest

Two Sum

Given an array of integers, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to a specific target.

You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution, and you may not use the same element twice.

Example:

Given nums = [2, 7, 11, 15], target = 9,

Because nums[0] + nums[1] = 2 + 7 = 9,
return [0, 1].

解法一

一下能想到的思路就是内外两个循环找和为target的两个数字,这样的复杂度是O(n*n)。

解法二

想到能否用哈希表,每遍历到一个元素num,看target-num是否在hash表中,如果在就得出答案,如果不在就将当前num放入哈希表中。

public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
        HashMap map= new HashMap();
        int[] result = new int[2];
        for(int i=0;iif(map.containsKey(target-nums[i])){
                result[0]=i;
                result[1] = map.get(target-nums[i]);
                break;
            }else{
                map.put(nums[i],i);
            }
        }
        return result;

    }

这种解法是O(n)的时间复杂度,但要额外增加O(n)的哈希表存储空间。

解法三

可以换个角度来考虑问题,如果给定的数组是已排序的数组,那么就可以设定lo和hi两个指针,如果这两个数字的和比target要大,那么就lo++,否则hi–。这样排序数组需要O(NlogN),找和的过程需要O(N),但是空间是in-place的。

其实这是167. Two Sum II - Input array is sorted抛出的问题。这样我们就不用对数组排序了。

public int[] twoSum(int[] numbers, int target) {
        int i = 0;
        int j = numbers.length-1;
        int[] result = new int[2];
        while(j>i){
            if(numbers[i]+numbers[j] == target){
                result[0] = i+1;
                result[1] = j+1;
                break;
            }else if(numbers[i]+numbers[j] < target){
                i++;
            }else{
                j--;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

时间复杂度为O(N)

3Sum

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

For example, given array S = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4],

A solution set is:
[
  [-1, 0, 1],
  [-1, -1, 2]
]

这次是寻找3个数的和为0的组合。可以接着2Sum解法三的思路来想。首先先对数组排序;然后从头开始每次取一个数作为sum,则此题变成了在后面的数组中寻找两个数其和为-sum,就和上面的过程一样。

这里还要注意一个重复的问题,当我们对数组排序后,重复的数是排列在一起的,此时若已经取过一个解后就不要再取重复的解了。

public List> threeSum(int[] nums) {
        int len = nums.length;
        List> result = new ArrayList>();
        Arrays.sort(nums);
        for(int i=0;i//防止重复解
            if(i==0 || nums[i]!=nums[i-1]){
                int sum = 0-nums[i];
                int lo = i+1;
                int hi = len-1;
                while(loif(nums[lo]+nums[hi] == sum){
                        result.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[lo], nums[hi]));
                        //防止重复解
                        while(lo1])lo++;
                        while(lo1])hi--;

                        lo++;
                        hi--;
                    }else if(nums[lo]+nums[hi]>sum){
                        hi--;
                    }else{
                        lo++;
                    }
                }
            }

        }
        return result;

    }

这种解法的时间复杂度为O(N*N)

3Sum Closest

Given an array S of n integers, find three integers in S such that the sum is closest to a given number, target. Return the sum of the three integers. You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution.

    For example, given array S = {-1 2 1 -4}, and target = 1.

    The sum that is closest to the target is 2. (-1 + 2 + 1 = 2).

其实和上面的过程一样,只不过是相等比较转换成了差值的比较。

public int threeSumClosest(int[] nums, int target) {
        int len = nums.length;
        if(len<3) return -1;
        Arrays.sort(nums);
        int result = nums[0]+nums[1]+nums[2];
        for(int i=0;i2;i++){
                int lo = i+1;
                int hi = len-1;
                while(loint sum = nums[i]+nums[lo]+nums[hi];
                    if(sum == target){
                        return sum;
                    }else{
                        if(Math.abs(sum-target) < Math.abs(target-result)){
                            result = sum;
                        }
                        if(sum>target){
                            hi--;
                        }else{
                            lo++;
                        }
                    }
                }

        }
        return result;
    }

这种解法的时间复杂度为O(N*N)

总结

可以发现,two sum的解法三是适用于其他变种的,都是在数组已排序的情况下根据当前和与target的比较情况移动指针,其中也要特别注意避免重复解的问题。

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