Java8 Arrays.sort() Arrays.parallelSort() 数组排序

对于原始数据类型 Primitive Type，Arrays.sort() 采用一种优化的快速排序算法

• 该排序算法是不稳定的，即：相等的两个元素在排序前后的相对位置可能会发生变化

/**
 * Sorts the specified array into ascending numerical order.
 *
 * 
Implementation note: The sorting algorithm is a Dual-Pivot Quicksort
 * by Vladimir Yaroslavskiy, Jon Bentley, and Joshua Bloch. This algorithm
 * offers O(n log(n)) performance on many data sets that cause other
 * quicksorts to degrade to quadratic performance, and is typically
 * faster than traditional (one-pivot) Quicksort implementations.
 *
 * @param a the array to be sorted
 */
public static void sort(int[] a) {
    DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, 0, a.length - 1, null, 0, 0);
}

对于引用数据类型 Object Type，Arrays.sort() 采用 Merge Sort 或者 Tim Sort

• 该排序算法是稳定的
• Timsort is a hybrid stable sorting algorithm, derived from merge sort and insertion sort, designed to perform well on many kinds of real-world data. (From WIKI)

public static void sort(Object[] a) {
    if (LegacyMergeSort.userRequested)
        legacyMergeSort(a);
    else
        ComparableTimSort.sort(a, 0, a.length, null, 0, 0);
}

Arrays.parallelSort()

• 该排序算法是稳定的
• 只有当数组长度大于 MIN_ARRAY_SORT_GRAN 时才进行多线程并行排序 (源码中 MIN_ARRAY_SORT_GRAN 为 1<<13，即 8192)
• The sorting algorithm is a parallel sort-merge that breaks the array into sub-arrays that are themselves sorted and then merged.
• 将数组拆分成多个子数组，多线程进行排序，然后归并

public static > void parallelSort(T[] a) {
    int n = a.length, p, g;
    if (n <= MIN_ARRAY_SORT_GRAN ||
        (p = ForkJoinPool.getCommonPoolParallelism()) == 1)
        TimSort.sort(a, 0, n, NaturalOrder.INSTANCE, null, 0, 0);
    else
        new ArraysParallelSortHelpers.FJObject.Sorter
            (null, a,
             (T[])Array.newInstance(a.getClass().getComponentType(), n),
             0, n, 0, ((g = n / (p << 2)) <= MIN_ARRAY_SORT_GRAN) ?
             MIN_ARRAY_SORT_GRAN : g, NaturalOrder.INSTANCE).invoke();
}