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序言
Android应用如果有Acitivity，都会有一个主Activity（启动Activity）。对于开发者来说，常常会认为这个Activity是应用程序入口。
实际并非如此，一个应用真正的入口在ActivityThread中的main方法。在main方法中，会调用到主Activity的onCreate方法来启动主页面。
源码分析主Activity启动过程
首先，我们来看一下ActivityThread类的定义：
/**
* This manages the execution of the main thread in an
* application process, scheduling and executing activities,
* broadcasts, and other operations on it as the activity
* manager requests.
*
* {@hide}
*/
public final class ActivityThread {
//省略代码
}
ActivityThread的作用是管理app进程中的主线程，用来调度和执行Activity、Broadcast，还有ActivityManager请求的一些其他操作。
ActivityThread是一个final类，不能被继承，一个应用对应一个ActivityThread。当Zygote进程孵化出一个应用进程之后，会执行ActivityThread的main方法，即应用入口。
public static void main(String[] args) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ActivityThreadMain");
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
// CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy. We
// disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
// StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);
Environment.initForCurrentUser();
// Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());
// Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);
Process.setArgV0("");
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
在main方法中，会做一些事情：
- 会初始化主线程的消息机制。初始化Looper与MessageQueue，然后调用Looper.loop方法开启消息循环。而ActivityThread中定义了一个Handler H，这个Handler专门用来处理四大组件的生命周期事件。
- 创建一个ActivityThread对象thread，并调用其attach方法，这个是今天分析的重点：
private void attach(boolean system) {
sCurrentActivityThread = this;
mSystemThread = system;
if (!system) {
//...
final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManager.getService();
try {
mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
//...
} else {
//...
}
}
代码根据是否system分为两部分，我们只看非system部分。
首先，看一下ActivityManager.getService方法：
/**
* @hide
*/
public static IActivityManager getService() {
return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
}
private static final Singleton IActivityManagerSingleton =
new Singleton() {
@Override
protected IActivityManager create() {
final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
return am;
}
};
很明显，先通过名称ACTIVITY_SERVICE获取系统服务ActivityManagerService（AMS），而AMS是一个Binder，接着把它转化为AIDL接口IActivityManager返回。
这是一个典型的Binder应用场景，即AMS和Framework之间通过Binder进行通信。
回到上面的分析，mgr是AMS，接下来看一下AMS的attachApplication方法，该方法传入一个参数mAppThread，而mAppThread是ActivityThread.ApplicationThread对象。
@Override
public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
synchronized (this) {
int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}
转而调用attachApplicationLocked方法：
private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
int pid) {
//...
thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers,
app.instr.mClass,
profilerInfo, app.instr.mArguments,
app.instr.mWatcher,
app.instr.mUiAutomationConnection, testMode,
mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation,
isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.persistent,
new Configuration(getGlobalConfiguration()), app.compat,
getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated),
mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked(),
buildSerial);
//...
// See if the top visible activity is waiting to run in this process...
if (normalMode) {
try {
if (mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked(app)) {
didSomething = true;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
Slog.wtf(TAG, "Exception thrown launching activities in " + app, e);
badApp = true;
}
}
//...
}
该方法很长，其中比较重要的部分是thread.bindApplication和mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked。
thread.bindApplication中thread是ApplicationThread对象，bindApplication方法参数很多，作用跟名字一样，把ApplicationThread绑定到AMS。
接下来着重看mStackSupervisor.attachApplicationLocked，mStackSupervisor是ActivityStackSupervisor类型：
boolean attachApplicationLocked(ProcessRecord app) throws RemoteException {
final String processName = app.processName;
boolean didSomething = false;
for (int displayNdx = mActivityDisplays.size() - 1; displayNdx >= 0; --displayNdx) {
ArrayList stacks = mActivityDisplays.valueAt(displayNdx).mStacks;
for (int stackNdx = stacks.size() - 1; stackNdx >= 0; --stackNdx) {
final ActivityStack stack = stacks.get(stackNdx);
if (!isFocusedStack(stack)) {
continue;
}
ActivityRecord hr = stack.topRunningActivityLocked();
if (hr != null) {
if (hr.app == null && app.uid == hr.info.applicationInfo.uid
&& processName.equals(hr.processName)) {
try {
if (realStartActivityLocked(hr, app, true, true)) {
didSomething = true;
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception in new application when starting activity "
+ hr.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
throw e;
}
}
}
}
}
if (!didSomething) {
ensureActivitiesVisibleLocked(null, 0, !PRESERVE_WINDOWS);
}
return didSomething;
}
重点看realStartActivityLocked方法，真正启动Activity的逻辑就在这个方法中：
final boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, ProcessRecord app,
boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
//...
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info,
// TODO: Have this take the merged configuration instead of separate global and
// override configs.
mergedConfiguration.getGlobalConfiguration(),
mergedConfiguration.getOverrideConfiguration(), r.compat,
r.launchedFromPackage, task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState, r.icicle,
r.persistentState, results, newIntents, !andResume,
mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo);
//...
}
该方法中会调用ApplicationThread.scheduleLaunchActivity方法：
@Override
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List pendingResults, List pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
updateProcessState(procState, false);
ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
r.token = token;
r.ident = ident;
r.intent = intent;
r.referrer = referrer;
r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
r.activityInfo = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
r.state = state;
r.persistentState = persistentState;
r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
r.isForward = isForward;
r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;
r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}
这个方法很简单，对启动信息进行准备，这里创建了一个ActivityClientRecord对象，并把相关参数设置给该对象，然后发送一个启动Activity的消息。最终是通过H的对象mH发送的，即H中会处理这个消息：
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
}
调用handleLaunchActivity方法，而handleLaunchActivity方法中又会调用performLaunchActivity方法：
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
//获取ActivityInfo
ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
//获取PackageInfo
if (r.packageInfo == null) {
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
}
//获取ComponentName
ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
if (component == null) {
component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
r.intent.setComponent(component);
}
if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
}
ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
//构造Activity对象并设置参数
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
try {
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
if (activity != null) {
//...
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
//...
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
}
//...
}
} catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to start activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return activity;
}
这个方法中做了很多事，最后会调用callActivityOnCreate方法：
public void callActivityOnCreate(Activity activity, Bundle icicle,
PersistableBundle persistentState) {
prePerformCreate(activity);
activity.performCreate(icicle, persistentState);
postPerformCreate(activity);
}
之后调用acitivity的performCreate方法：
final void performCreate(Bundle icicle, PersistableBundle persistentState) {
restoreHasCurrentPermissionRequest(icicle);
onCreate(icicle, persistentState);
mActivityTransitionState.readState(icicle);
performCreateCommon();
}
哇，总算看到我们的onCreate方法了。其他的生命周期方法也可以通过类似方式找到其调用逻辑。
总结
表面看起来很简单的启动，其实内部实现非常复杂。还涉及到Binder机制，很多事情都是如此，不要被表面迷惑，要沉下心来钻研其内部实现。
通过一次一次学习和阅读源码，我相信，最后能够打开Andriod世界的大门。