selenium.webdriver.support.wait.WebDriverWait

先看下WebDriverWait的代码

import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

POLL_FREQUENCY = 0.5  # How long to sleep inbetween calls to the method
IGNORED_EXCEPTIONS = (NoSuchElementException,)  # exceptions ignored during calls to the method


class WebDriverWait(object):
    def __init__(self, driver, timeout, poll_frequency=POLL_FREQUENCY, ignored_exceptions=None):
        """Constructor, takes a WebDriver instance and timeout in seconds.

           :Args:
            - driver - Instance of WebDriver (Ie, Firefox, Chrome or Remote)
            - timeout - Number of seconds before timing out
            - poll_frequency - sleep interval between calls
              By default, it is 0.5 second.
            - ignored_exceptions - iterable structure of exception classes ignored during calls.
              By default, it contains NoSuchElementException only.

           Example:
            from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait \n
            element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId")) \n
            is_disappeared = WebDriverWait(driver, 30, 1, (ElementNotVisibleException)).\ \n
                        until_not(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId").is_displayed())
        """
        self._driver = driver
        self._timeout = timeout
        self._poll = poll_frequency
        # avoid the divide by zero
        if self._poll == 0:
            self._poll = POLL_FREQUENCY
        exceptions = list(IGNORED_EXCEPTIONS)
        if ignored_exceptions is not None:
            try:
                exceptions.extend(iter(ignored_exceptions))
            except TypeError:  # ignored_exceptions is not iterable
                exceptions.append(ignored_exceptions)
        self._ignored_exceptions = tuple(exceptions)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{0.__module__}.{0.__name__} (session="{1}")>'.format(
            type(self), self._driver.session_id)

    def until(self, method, message=''):
        """Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
        return value is not False."""
        screen = None
        stacktrace = None

        end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
        while True:
            try:
                value = method(self._driver)
                if value:
                    return value
            except self._ignored_exceptions as exc:
                screen = getattr(exc, 'screen', None)
                stacktrace = getattr(exc, 'stacktrace', None)
            time.sleep(self._poll)
            if time.time() > end_time:
                break
        raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)

    def until_not(self, method, message=''):
        """Calls the method provided with the driver as an argument until the \
        return value is False."""
        end_time = time.time() + self._timeout
        while True:
            try:
                value = method(self._driver)
                if not value:
                    return value
            except self._ignored_exceptions:
                return True
            time.sleep(self._poll)
            if time.time() > end_time:
                break
        raise TimeoutException(message)

来看下传的参数：

driver: 传入WebDriver实例
timeout: 超时时间，等待的最长时间（同时要考虑隐性等待时间）
poll_frequency: 调用until或 中的方法的间隔时间，默认是 0.5 秒
ignored_exceptions: 忽略的异常，如果在调用until或until_not的过程中抛出这个元组中的异常，则不中断代码，继续等待，如果抛出的是这个元组外的异常，则中断代码，抛出异常。默认只有NoSuchElementException。
until method: 在等待期间，每隔一段时间调用这个传入的方法，直到返回值不是 False
message: 如果超时，抛出TimeoutException，将message传入异常

until_not 与until相反，until是当某元素出现或什么条件成立则继续执行，until_not是当某元素消失或什么条件不成立则继续执行，参数也相同，不再赘述。


调用方法如下：

WebDriverWait(driver, 超时时长, 调用频率, 忽略异常).until(可执行方法, 超时时返回的信息)

 这里需要特别注意的是until或until_not中的可执行方法method参数，很多人传入了WebElement对象，这是不正确的。在这里，你可以用selenium提供的 expected_conditions 模块中的各种条件，也可以用WebElement的 is_displayed() 、is_enabled()、is_selected() 方法，或者用自己封装的方法都可以