情况如下：

$sudo apt-get install -y libatlas3-base libgfortran3 python-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
libatlas3-base is already the newest version.
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libatlas3-base : Depends: libblas-common but it is not installable
 python-dev : Depends: python2.7-dev (>= 2.7.3) but it is not going to be installed

查找该主机上报ELK中sudo日志发现dpkg安装过libatlas-bas
COMMAND=/usr/bin/dpkg -i libatlas-base-dev_3.10.3-7+b1_amd64.deb

dpki -l 查找到该名称为libatlas-base
卸载deb包
aptitude purge libatlas-base

再次安装后，无报错，python-dev包成功安装。