Map映射
Map映射是一个java集合存储在键 - 值对的元素，并且不允许在列表中重复的元素。 Map接口提供三种collection视图，允许Map内容看作是一组键-值集合，或者设置键 - 值映射关系。
Map被映射到映射表中一个
定义RDBMS表：
考虑一个情况，我们需要员工记录存储在EMPLOYEE表，将有以下结构：
create table EMPLOYEE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, salary INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
此外，假设每个员工都可以有一个或多个与他/她相关的证书。我们将存储证书的相关信息在一个单独的表，该表具有以下结构：
create table CERTIFICATE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, certificate_type VARCHAR(40) default NULL, certificate_name VARCHAR(30) default NULL, employee_id INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
有一个对多（one-to-many ）的关系在EMPLOYEE和证书对象之间。
定义POJO类：
让我们实现一个POJO类员工将被用于保存与EMPLOYEE表中的对象和有证书的列表变量的集合。
import java.util.*;
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int salary;
private Map certificates;
public Employee() {}
public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
this.firstName = fname;
this.lastName = lname;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
this.firstName = first_name;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
this.lastName = last_name;
}
public int getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary( int salary ) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Map getCertificates() {
return certificates;
}
public void setCertificates( Map certificates ) {
this.certificates = certificates;
}
}
我们需要相应的证书表定义另一个POJO类，这样的证书对象可以存储和检索到的证书表。
public class Certificate{
private int id;
private String name;
public Certificate() {}
public Certificate(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName( String name ) {
this.name = name;
}
}
定义Hibernate映射文件：
让我们开发指示Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表的映射文件。
This class contains the employee detail. This class contains the certificate records.
应该保存的映射文件中的格式
映射文档是具有
元素是可选元素，可以用来创建类的描述。
id元素内的
创建应用程序类：
最后，创建应用程序类的main（）方法来运行应用程序。使用这个应用程序来保存员工记录地连同证书列表，然后在应用上执行CRUD操作上的记录。
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */
HashMap set = new HashMap();
set.put("ComputerScience", new Certificate("MCA"));
set.put("BusinessManagement", new Certificate("MBA"));
set.put("ProjectManagement", new Certificate("PMP"));
/* Add employee records in the database */
Integer empID = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
/* Update employee's salary records */
ME.updateEmployee(empID, 5000);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
}
/* Method to add an employee record in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname,
int salary, HashMap cert){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
employee.setCertificates(cert);
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to list all the employees detail */
public void listEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
for (Iterator iterator1 =
employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next();
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
Map ec = employee.getCertificates();
System.out.println("Certificate: " +
(((Certificate)ec.get("ComputerScience")).getName()));
System.out.println("Certificate: " +
(((Certificate)ec.get("BusinessManagement")).getName()));
System.out.println("Certificate: " +
(((Certificate)ec.get("ProjectManagement")).getName()));
}
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to update salary for an employee */
public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
employee.setSalary( salary );
session.update(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to delete an employee from the records */
public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
session.delete(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
}
编译和执行：
下面是步骤来编译并运行上述应用程序。请确保您已在进行的编译和执行之前，已经适当地设置PATH和CLASSPATH。
- 创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件,在配置章节已经解释和学习。
- 创建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件，如上图所示。
- 创建Employee.java源文件，如上图所示，并编译它。
- 创建Certificate.java源文件，如上图所示，并编译它。
- 创建ManageEmployee.java源文件，如上图所示，并编译它。
- 执行ManageEmployee二进制文件来运行程序。
会在屏幕上获得以下结果，并同时创建记录在员工和证书表。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000 Certificate: MCA Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000 Certificate: MCA Certificate: MBA Certificate: PMP
如果检查员工和证书表，就应该记录下了：
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+ | id | first_name | last_name | salary | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ | 60 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>select * from CERTIFICATE;
+----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ | id | certificate_type | certificate_name | employee_id | +----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ | 16 | ProjectManagement | PMP | 60 | | 17 | BusinessManagement | MBA | 60 | | 18 | ComputerScience | MCA | 60 | +----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
SortedMap映射
SortedMap是存储在键 - 值对的元素，并提供键的总体排序类似java的集合作为映射。重复的元素未在映射不允许的。该映射是根据其键的自然顺序进行排序，或者通过提供通常在有序映射的创建时间比较。
SortedMap被映射在该映射表中的
This class contains the employee detail. This class contains the certificate records.
应该保存的映射文件中的格式
映射文档是具有
元素是可选元素，可以用来创建类的描述。
id元素内的
如果使用sort="natural"，然后我们并不需要创建一个单独的类，因为证书类已经实现了Comparable接口和hibernate会使用compareTo在证书类定义为比较的SortedMap（）方法。但是，我们使用的是在我们的映射文件自定义的比较器类MyClass，所以我们必须创建这个类的基础上我们的排序算法。让我们做降在映射上可用的按键排序。
import java.util.Comparator; public class MyClass implements Comparator{ public int compare(String o1, String o2) { final int BEFORE = -1; final int AFTER = 1; /* To reverse the sorting order, multiple by -1 */ if (o2 == null) { return BEFORE * -1; } Comparable thisCertificate = o1; Comparable thatCertificate = o2; if(thisCertificate == null) { return AFTER * 1; } else if(thatCertificate == null) { return BEFORE * -1; } else { return thisCertificate.compareTo(thatCertificate) * -1; } } }
最后，我们将创建应用程序类的main（）方法来运行应用程序。我们将使用这个应用程序，以节省一些员工的记录地连同的证书，然后我们将提交CRUD操作上面的记录。
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */
TreeMap set1 = new TreeMap();
set1.put("ComputerScience", new Certificate("MCA"));
set1.put("BusinessManagement", new Certificate("MBA"));
set1.put("ProjectManagement", new Certificate("PMP"));
/* Add employee records in the database */
Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set1);
/* Another set of certificates for the second employee */
TreeMap set2 = new TreeMap();
set2.put("ComputerScience", new Certificate("MCA"));
set2.put("BusinessManagement", new Certificate("MBA"));
/* Add another employee record in the database */
Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, set2);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
/* Update employee's salary records */
ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);
/* Delete an employee from the database */
ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
}
/* Method to add an employee record in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname,
int salary, TreeMap cert){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
employee.setCertificates(cert);
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to list all the employees detail */
public void listEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
for (Iterator iterator1 =
employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next();
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
SortedMap map =
employee.getCertificates();
for(Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()){
System.out.print("\tCertificate Type: " + entry.getKey());
System.out.println(", Name: " +
(entry.getValue()).getName());
}
}
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to update salary for an employee */
public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
employee.setSalary( salary );
session.update(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to delete an employee from the records */
public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
session.delete(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
}
编译和执行：
可以看到证书已排序顺序相反。可以通过改变映射文件试试，只需设置sort="natural"和执行程序，并比较结果。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........ First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000 Certificate Type: ProjectManagement, Name: PMP Certificate Type: ComputerScience, Name: MCA Certificate Type: BusinessManagement, Name: MBA First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000 Certificate Type: ComputerScience, Name: MCA Certificate Type: BusinessManagement, Name: MBA First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000 Certificate Type: ProjectManagement, Name: PMP Certificate Type: ComputerScience, Name: MCA Certificate Type: BusinessManagement, Name: MBA
如果检查员工和证书表，就应该记录下了：
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+ | id | first_name | last_name | salary | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ | 74 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 | +----+------------+-----------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from CERTIFICATE;
+----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ | id | certificate_type | certificate_name | employee_id | +----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ | 52 | BusinessManagement | MBA | 74 | | 53 | ComputerScience | MCA | 74 | | 54 | ProjectManagement | PMP | 74 | +----+--------------------+------------------+-------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)