Python解码H.264（一）——PyAV开发环境搭建（Windows7)

PyAV简介

说明文档：https://docs.mikeboers.com/pyav/develop/installation.html

PyAV is a Pythonic binding for FFmpeg. We aim to provide all of the power and control of the underlying library, but manage the gritty details as much as possible.

PyAV is for direct and precise access to your media via containers, streams, packets, codecs, and frames. It exposes a few transformations of that data, and helps you get your data to/from other packages (e.g. Numpy and Pillow).

This power does come with some responsibility as working with media is horrendously complicated and PyAV can’t abstract it away or make all the best decisions for you. If the ffmpeg command does the job without you bending over backwards, PyAV is likely going to be more of a hindrance than a help.

But where you can’t work without it, PyAV is a critical tool.

Currently we provide:

• libavformat: containers, audio/video/subtitle streams, packets;

• libavdevice (by specifying a format to containers);

• libavcodec: Codec, CodecContext, audio/video frames, data planes, subtitles;

• libavfilter: Filter, Graph;

• libswscale: VideoReformatter;

• libswresample: AudioResampler;

• and a few more utilities.

一、准备工作：

1.1 安装Python

安装最新版本：https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.4/python-3.7.4.exe

1.2 安装git

安装最新版本：https://git-scm.com/download/win

1.3 下载PyAV源码

git clone https://github.com/mikeboers/PyAV --depth 1

1.4 下载ffmpeg库

开发库：https://ffmpeg.zeranoe.com/builds/win32/dev/ffmpeg-3.2.4-win32-dev.zip

运行库：https://ffmpeg.zeranoe.com/builds/win32/shared/ffmpeg-3.2.4-win32-shared.zip

注意：这里没有下载最新版本的4.1.3。原因是最新的库貌似和PyAV有点不兼容。

二、安装：

2.1 安装PyAV依赖

pip install -r tests/requirements.txt

上面的方式我安装了好几次都失败了，貌似有编译错误。打开tests/requirements.txt文件里面是如下内容：

autopep8
Cython
editorconfig
flake8
isort
numpy
Pillow

使用pip逐个来安装：

pip install autopep8
pip install Cython
pip install editorconfig
pip install flake8
pip install isort
pip install numpy
pip install Pillow

这次安装成功了。如果碰到失败的情况，请多次尝试执行这句失败的pip行。

2.2 编译PyAV

python setup.py build --ffmpeg-dir=your_ffmpeg_dev_dir

注意：your_ffmpeg_dev_dir是下载的ffmpeg-3.2.4-win32-dev.zip解压后的目录，这个目录中的内容如下：

E:\zdwork\pyAvTest\ffmpeg\ffmpeg-3.2.4-win32-dev>tree
Folder PATH listing
E:.
├───doc
│   └───examples
├───include
│   ├───libavcodec
│   ├───libavdevice
│   ├───libavfilter
│   ├───libavformat
│   ├───libavutil
│   ├───libpostproc
│   ├───libswresample
│   └───libswscale
├───lib
└───licenses

2.3 安装编译好的PyAV模块

使用指令：python setup.py install

E:\zdwork\pyAvTest\PyAV>python setup.py install
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing av.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to av.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to av.egg-info\entry_points.txt
writing top-level names to av.egg-info\top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'av.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
writing manifest file 'av.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build\bdist.win32\egg
running install_lib
running build_py
running build_ext
running config
writing build\temp.win32-3.7\Release\include\pyav\config.h
running cythonize
creating build\bdist.win32\egg
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\av
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\codeccontext.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\fifo.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\format.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\frame.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\layout.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\plane.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\resampler.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\stream.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\audio\__init__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\buffer.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\bytesource.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\av\codec
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\codec\codec.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\codec
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\codec\context.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\codec
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\codec\__init__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\codec
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\container\core.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\container\input.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\container\output.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\container\pyio.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\container\streams.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\container\__init__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\av\data
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\data\stream.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\data
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\data\__init__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\data
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\datasets.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\deprecation.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\descriptor.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\dictionary.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\enums.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\filter\context.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\filter\filter.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\filter\graph.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\filter\link.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\filter\pad.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\filter\__init__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\format.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\frame.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\logging.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\option.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\packet.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\plane.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\stream.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\subtitles\codeccontext.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\subtitles\stream.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\subtitles\subtitle.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\subtitles\__init__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\utils.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\video\codeccontext.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\video\format.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\video\frame.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\video\plane.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\video\reformatter.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\video\stream.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\video\__init__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\_core.cp37-win32.pyd -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\__init__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
copying build\lib.win32-3.7\av\__main__.py -> build\bdist.win32\egg\av
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\__init__.py to __init__.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\codec\__init__.py to __init__.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container\__init__.py to __init__.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\data\__init__.py to __init__.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\datasets.py to datasets.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\deprecation.py to deprecation.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter\__init__.py to __init__.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles\__init__.py to __init__.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video\__init__.py to __init__.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\__init__.py to __init__.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\__main__.py to __main__.cpython-37.pyc
creating stub loader for av\buffer.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\bytesource.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\descriptor.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\dictionary.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\enums.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\format.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\frame.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\logging.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\option.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\packet.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\plane.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\stream.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\utils.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\_core.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\audio\codeccontext.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\audio\fifo.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\audio\format.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\audio\frame.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\audio\layout.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\audio\plane.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\audio\resampler.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\audio\stream.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\codec\codec.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\codec\context.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\container\core.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\container\input.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\container\output.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\container\pyio.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\container\streams.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\data\stream.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\filter\context.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\filter\filter.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\filter\graph.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\filter\link.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\filter\pad.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\subtitles\codeccontext.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\subtitles\stream.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\subtitles\subtitle.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\video\codeccontext.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\video\format.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\video\frame.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\video\plane.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\video\reformatter.cp37-win32.pyd
creating stub loader for av\video\stream.cp37-win32.pyd
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\buffer.py to buffer.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\bytesource.py to bytesource.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\descriptor.py to descriptor.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\dictionary.py to dictionary.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\enums.py to enums.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\format.py to format.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\frame.py to frame.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\logging.py to logging.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\option.py to option.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\packet.py to packet.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\plane.py to plane.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\stream.py to stream.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\utils.py to utils.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\_core.py to _core.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\codeccontext.py to codeccontext.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\fifo.py to fifo.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\format.py to format.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\frame.py to frame.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\layout.py to layout.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\plane.py to plane.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\resampler.py to resampler.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\audio\stream.py to stream.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\codec\codec.py to codec.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\codec\context.py to context.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container\core.py to core.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container\input.py to input.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container\output.py to output.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container\pyio.py to pyio.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\container\streams.py to streams.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\data\stream.py to stream.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter\context.py to context.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter\filter.py to filter.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter\graph.py to graph.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter\link.py to link.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\filter\pad.py to pad.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles\codeccontext.py to codeccontext.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles\stream.py to stream.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\subtitles\subtitle.py to subtitle.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video\codeccontext.py to codeccontext.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video\format.py to format.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video\frame.py to frame.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video\plane.py to plane.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video\reformatter.py to reformatter.cpython-37.pyc
byte-compiling build\bdist.win32\egg\av\video\stream.py to stream.cpython-37.pyc
creating build\bdist.win32\egg\EGG-INFO
copying av.egg-info\PKG-INFO -> build\bdist.win32\egg\EGG-INFO
copying av.egg-info\SOURCES.txt -> build\bdist.win32\egg\EGG-INFO
copying av.egg-info\dependency_links.txt -> build\bdist.win32\egg\EGG-INFO
copying av.egg-info\entry_points.txt -> build\bdist.win32\egg\EGG-INFO
copying av.egg-info\not-zip-safe -> build\bdist.win32\egg\EGG-INFO
copying av.egg-info\top_level.txt -> build\bdist.win32\egg\EGG-INFO
writing build\bdist.win32\egg\EGG-INFO\native_libs.txt
creating 'dist\av-6.2.1.dev0-py3.7-win32.egg' and adding 'build\bdist.win32\egg' to it
removing 'build\bdist.win32\egg' (and everything under it)
Processing av-6.2.1.dev0-py3.7-win32.egg
removing 'c:\program files (x86)\python37-32\lib\site-packages\av-6.2.1.dev0-py3.7-win32.egg' (and everything under it)
creating c:\program files (x86)\python37-32\lib\site-packages\av-6.2.1.dev0-py3.7-win32.egg
Extracting av-6.2.1.dev0-py3.7-win32.egg to c:\program files (x86)\python37-32\lib\site-packages
av 6.2.1.dev0 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
Installing pyav-script.py script to C:\Program Files (x86)\Python37-32\Scripts
Installing pyav.exe script to C:\Program Files (x86)\Python37-32\Scripts
Installing pyav.exe.manifest script to C:\Program Files (x86)\Python37-32\Scripts

Installed c:\program files (x86)\python37-32\lib\site-packages\av-6.2.1.dev0-py3.7-win32.egg
Processing dependencies for av==6.2.1.dev0
Finished processing dependencies for av==6.2.1.dev0

2.4 配置PyAV

将前面下载的ffmpeg-3.2.4-win32-shared.zip文件解压。把解压出来的文件夹下的bin目录添加到PATH环境变量，否则在import av的时候回出现以下错误：

 no module named av.__core__

原因是PyAV找不到ffmpeg的运行库（Dll动态链接库）

2.5 测试PyAV

E:\zdwork\pyAvTest>python
Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul  8 2019, 19:29:22) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import av
>>>

如果可以看见import av行后面的>>>引导付，则说明我们的PyAV安装成功了。

注意：不要在我们下载的PyAV的源码目录下启动Python解释器进行av模块的导入，会出现如下错误：

E:\zdwork\pyAvTest\PyAV>python
Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul  8 2019, 19:29:22) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import av
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "E:\zdwork\pyAvTest\PyAV\av\__init__.py", line 9, in 
    from av._core import time_base, pyav_version as __version__
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'av._core'