Ubuntu16.04 系统安装

1. 基本16.04桌面系统安装

参考 https://blog.csdn.net/colin_lisicong/article/details/70193539

添加新用户

useradd -r -m -s /bin/bash spark 
passwd spark 

1.1解决tab无法补全

去除与tab相关的所有快捷键

xfwm4-settings

利用vi编辑器打开/etc/bash.bashrc文件（需要root权限）

sudo vi /etc/bash.bashrc  

找到文件中的下列代码

#enable bash completion in interactive shells  
#if ! shopt -oq posix; then  
#      if [-f  /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then  
#          . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion  
#      elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion]; then  
#           . /etc/bash_completion  
#      fi  
#fi  

将注释符号#去掉。
最后 source一下 /etc/bash.bashrc即可， 即

sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc 

参考
https://blog.csdn.net/xxl12345/article/details/76407651

1.2解决Ubuntu更新源慢的问题

首先备份源列表:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

而后用gedit或其他编辑器打开:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

从下面列表中选择合适的源（对应系统版本），替换掉文件中所有的内容，保存编辑好的文件:
清华大学源

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云源

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

然后，刷新列表:
sudo apt-get update
参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/webnote/p/5767853.html
清华镜像 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
阿里镜像源 https://www.cnblogs.com/graye/p/6862939.html

2.实现远程协助

#安装xrdp 
 sudo apt-get install xrdp 
 #安装vnc4server 
 sudo apt-get install vnc4server tightvncserver
 #安装xubuntu-desktop 
 sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop 
 #向xsession中写入xfce4-session 
 echo “xfce4-session” >~/.xsession 
 sudo sed -i.bak '/fi/a #xrdp multi-users \n unity \n' /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh
 #开启xrdp服务 
 sudo service xrdp restart

使用WinSCP软件在windows和ubuntu中进行文件传输

apt-get install ssh
ps -e |grep ssh

参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliangxing/p/7560723.html
https://blog.csdn.net/haojiahuo50401/article/details/6280681

2.1Windows系统远程进入Ubuntu系统时报错：内部错误

解决办法：在 /etc/xrdp/sesman.ini文件的末尾添加以下两行：
param8 =-SecurityTypes
param9=None

然后重启xrdp服务：
sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart

参考 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39699494/article/details/88553245

2.2远程桌面连接XRDP黑屏、鼠标变X解决办法

gedit /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh
#在./etc/X11/Xsession前插入 xfce4-session
#重启xrdp
cd /etc/init.d/
./xrdp restart

参考 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_70ad1b620102vtny.html

3安装MATLAB

Ubuntu版本MATLAB的安装和破解参考
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41038644/article/details/84680646
创建桌面快捷方式matlab.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Matlab
GenericName=Matlab 2018b
Comment=Matlab:The Language of Technical Computing
Exec=sh /usr/local/MATLAB/R2018b/bin/matlab -desktop
Icon=/usr/local/MATLAB/R2018b/toolbox/nnet/nnresource/icons/matlab.png
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
Categories=Development;Matlab;

解决Untrusted application launcher，通常原因是*.desktop没有执行权限。

chmod +x *.desktop