一,Timer类
1,是Ref的子类,采用引用计数管理内存
2,主要方法update( )实现了一个定时器逻辑
3,抽象类,必须被继承使用
virtual
void
trigger() =
0
;//到时触发的方法
virtual void cancel() = 0; //取消定时器
//两个为纯虚函数,需要在子类重载实现
protected
:
Scheduler* _scheduler; // weak ref 弱引用,在这个指针被赋值时并没有增加对
_scheduler的引用计数
float
_elapsed; //度过的时间
bool _runForever; //标记是否永久运行
bool _useDelay; //标记是否使用延迟
unsigned
int
_timesExecuted; //纪录已经执行的次数
unsigned int _repeat; //0 = once, 1 is 2 executed 定义执行的总次数(_repeat+1次)
float _delay; //延迟时间
float _interval; //时间间隔,隔
_interval调用一次
//初始化方法
void
setupTimerWithInterval(
float
seconds,
unsigned
int
repeat,
float
delay);
{
_elapsed
= -
1
;
_interval
= seconds;
_delay
= delay;
_useDelay
= (
_delay
>
0.0f
) ?
true
:
false
;
_repeat
= repeat;
_runForever
= (
_repeat
==
CC_REPEAT_FOREVER
) ?
true
:
false
;
//无限重复次数为一个unsignedint的最大值
#define CC_REPEAT_FOREVER (UINT_MAX -
1
)
}
4,Timer的子类
TimerTargetSelector(绑定Ref基类对象)
//初始化方法
bool
initWithSelector(
Scheduler
* scheduler,
SEL_SCHEDULE
selector,
Ref
* target,
float
seconds,
unsigned
int
repeat,
float
delay);
//
SEL_SCHEDULE是一个Ref函数指针定义
void
TimerTargetSelector
::trigger()
{
if
(
_target
&&
_selector
)
{
(
_target
->*
_selector
)(
_elapsed
);//调用初始化传进来的回调方法
}
}
void
TimerTargetSelector
::cancel()
{
_scheduler
->
unschedule
(
_selector
,
_target
);
}
5,
TimerTargetCallback(绑定任意对象)
bool
TimerTargetCallback
::initWithCallback(
Scheduler
* scheduler,
const
ccSchedulerFunc
& callback,
void
*target,
const
std
::
string
& key,
float
seconds,
unsigned
int
repeat,
float
delay)
{
_scheduler
= scheduler;
_target
= target;
_callback
= callback;
_key
= key;
setupTimerWithInterval
(seconds, repeat, delay);
return
true
;
}
void
TimerTargetCallback
::trigger()
{
if
(
_callback
)
{
_callback
(
_elapsed
);
}
}
void
TimerTargetCallback
::cancel()
{
_scheduler
->
unschedule
(
_key
,
_target
);
}
6.
TimerScriptHandler与以上两个类似,有关脚本的
二,Scheduler类
巨多。。好难。。看不懂。。
首先,
Scheduler有两种调度模式:
1,按帧调度(被集成在Node类中)
数据结构:
typedef
struct
_listEntry //双向链表
{
struct
_listEntry
*prev, *next;
ccSchedulerFunc
callback;
void
*target;
int
priority;
bool
paused;
bool
markedForDeletion;
// 标识是否需要删除selector will no longer be called and entry will be removed at end of the next tick
} tListEntry;
typedef
struct
_hashUpdateEntry //
{
tListEntry
**list;
// Which list does it belong to ?
tListEntry
*entry;
// entry in the list
void
*target;
ccSchedulerFunc
callback;
UT_hash_handle
hh;
} tHashUpdateEntry;
提供了3个双向链表来维护(按优先级区分,Scheduler::update调用时,遍历三个链表来区分优先级)
struct
_listEntry
*_updatesNegList;
// list of priority < 0
struct
_listEntry
*_updates0List;
// list priority == 0
struct _listEntry *_updatesPosList; // list priority > 0
提供了一个
_hashForUpdates(
_hashUpdateEntry
结构体链表头指针)来实现快速查找等操作
相关构造函数:
void
schedulePerFrame(
const
ccSchedulerFunc
& callback,
void
*target,
int
priority,
bool
paused);
// update specific
void priorityIn(struct _listEntry **list, const ccSchedulerFunc& callback, void *target, int priority, bool paused);//优先级不为0的添加方法
void appendIn(struct _listEntry **list, const ccSchedulerFunc& callback, void *target, bool paused);//优先级为0的添加方法
2,按时间间隔调度
数据结构:
typedef
struct
_hashSelectorEntry
{
ccArray
*timers;
void
*target;
int
timerIndex;
Timer
*currentTimer;
bool
currentTimerSalvaged;//清理标识
bool
paused;
UT_hash_handle
hh;
} tHashTimerEntry;
由一个HashTable来维护(开源第三方数据结构Uthash),所有的时间间隔调度事件都存储在这个HashTable中,这个HashTable的 Key = target(注册的对象),Value =
tHashTimerEntry结构体,
_hashForTimers
是
_hashSelectorEntry
这个结构体链表的头指针
按时间间隔调度还可以分为两种对象形式,一是Ref基类的对象,一种是任意对象
结构体中:
tHashTimerEntry这个结构体用来记录一个Ref对象所有注册的定时器
Timer类是用来绑定对象与回调方法(不同对象有不同的绑定方法)
timers是一个数组,用来存储所有的Timer对象,所以一个对
象可以注册多个调度事件。
其次,主要逻辑
程序每一次事件循环
mainLoop()中都会调用Scheduler::update()(此时的scheduler是全局共享的一个单例对象),然后在这个update中会 1,遍历三个双向链表,查找当前可以执行的回调。2,遍历hashtable中的对象(结构体),调用每个结构体中timers数组中所有Timer对象的update()方法(此时的update是Timer类中的,实现定时器功能)。
再,贴源代码解释
ps:
HASH_FIND_PTR
是uthash中的接口,作用是查找hash表中是否存在某个数据
如
HASH_FIND_PTR
(
_hashForUpdates
, &target, hashElement);
查找
_hashForUpdates
表中key为target的数据,如果存在则返回给
hashElement,没有则无操作
HASH_ADD_PTR
(
_hashForTimers
,
target
, element);//添加key = target,value = element的数据进表中
HASH_DEL
(
_hashForUpdates
, element);//删除数据
1.按帧调度
首先在
Node
::scheduleUpdate()中会最终调用到
Scheduler
::schedulePerFrame(注册按帧更新的方法)
void
Scheduler
::schedulePerFrame(
const
ccSchedulerFunc
& callback,
void
*target,
int
priority,
bool
paused)
{
//在
_hashForUpdates中检查当前target是否有注册
tHashUpdateEntry
*hashElement =
nullptr
;
HASH_FIND_PTR(_hashForUpdates, &target, hashElement);
if (hashElement)//存在数据,不进行插入,也就是说一个node只能加入一次帧调度列表中,也只能有一个回调过程,即Node::update(),所以如果想实现自己的方法应该重载这个update。
{
// check if priority has changed 判断优先级是否变化
if
((*hashElement->
list
)->
priority
!= priority)//优先级改变
{
if (_updateHashLocked)//正在执行update,则暂时不删除
{
CCLOG
(
"warning: you CANNOT change update priority in scheduled function"
);
hashElement->
entry
->
markedForDeletion
=
false
;
hashElement->
entry
->
paused
= paused;
return
;
}
else
{
//不在执行update,则直接删除
// will be added again outside if (hashElement).
unscheduleUpdate
(target);
}
}
else
{
//优先级没变,标记不被删除,退出
hashElement->
entry
->
markedForDeletion
=
false
;
hashElement->
entry
->
paused
= paused;
return
;
}
}
//不存在数据,则按照优先级插入到对应的双向链表中
// most of the updates are going to be 0, that's way there
// is an special list for updates with priority 0
if
(priority ==
0
)
{
appendIn
(&
_updates0List
, callback, target, paused);
}
else
if
(priority <
0
)
{
priorityIn
(&
_updatesNegList
, callback, target, priority, paused);
}
else
{
// priority > 0
priorityIn
(&
_updatesPosList
, callback, target, priority, paused);
}
}
void
Scheduler
::appendIn(
_listEntry
**list,
const
ccSchedulerFunc
& callback,
void
*target,
bool
paused)
{
tListEntry
*listElement =
new
tListEntry
();//建双向链表
//赋值
listElement->
callback
= callback;
listElement->
target
= target;
listElement->
paused
= paused;
listElement->
priority
=
0
;
listElement->
markedForDeletion
=
false
;
//添加到*list链表中
DL_APPEND
(*list, listElement);
// update hash entry for quicker access再将这个新的链表添加到
_hashForUpdates中
tHashUpdateEntry
*hashElement = (
tHashUpdateEntry
*)
calloc
(
sizeof
(*hashElement),
1
);
hashElement->
target
= target;
hashElement->
list
= list;
hashElement->
entry
= listElement;
HASH_ADD_PTR
(
_hashForUpdates
,
target
, hashElement);
}
priorityIn是按照优先级加入表中
取消注册unschedulerupdate()
2.按时间间隔调度
注册方法有两种
任意参数:
void
schedule(
const
ccSchedulerFunc
& callback,
void
*target,
float
interval,
unsigned
int
repeat,
float
delay,
bool
paused,
const
std
::
string
& key);
void
schedule(
const
ccSchedulerFunc
& callback,
void
*target,
float
interval,
bool
paused,
const
std
::
string
& key);
Ref基类:
void
schedule(
SEL_SCHEDULE
selector,
Ref
*target,
float
interval,
unsigned
int
repeat,
float
delay,
bool
paused);
void
schedule(
SEL_SCHEDULE
selector,
Ref
*target,
float
interval,
bool
paused);
void
Scheduler
::schedule(
SEL_SCHEDULE
selector,
Ref
*target,
float
interval,
unsigned
int
repeat,
float
delay,
bool
paused)
{
CCASSERT
(target,
"Argument target must be non-nullptr"
);
tHashTimerEntry
*element =
nullptr
;
HASH_FIND_PTR
(
_hashForTimers
, &target, element);//查找当前target有没有注册
if
(! element)
{
//没有的话分配空间,设置target后加入到
_hashForTimers
中,并设置状态为pause
element = (
tHashTimerEntry
*)
calloc
(
sizeof
(*element),
1
);
element->
target
= target;
HASH_ADD_PTR
(
_hashForTimers
,
target
, element);
// Is this the 1st element ? Then set the pause level to all the selectors of this target
element->
paused
= paused;
}
else
{
CCASSERT(element->paused == paused, "”);//
设置状态为pause
}
if
(element->
timers
==
nullptr
)
{
//如果timers数组为空,则新分配10个空间
element->
timers
=
ccArrayNew
(
10
);
}
else
{
//不为空,则遍历timers数组
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < element->
timers
->
num
; ++i)
{
TimerTargetSelector
*timer =
dynamic_cast
<
TimerTargetSelector
*>(element->
timers
->
arr
[i]);
//查找跟当前selector相同的timer对象,更新他的时间间隔,也就是说一个selector只能注册一次
if (timer && selector == timer->getSelector
())
{
CCLOG
(
"CCScheduler#scheduleSelector. Selector already scheduled. Updating interval from: %.4f to %.4f"
, timer->
getInterval
(), interval);
timer->
setInterval
(interval);
return
;
}
}
ccArrayEnsureExtraCapacity(element->timers, 1);//将timers数组空间扩大1个单位,确保能存储
}
//新建timer对象,并封装selector,target等参数后添加到timers数组中
TimerTargetSelector
*timer =
new
(
std
::
nothrow
)
TimerTargetSelector
();
timer->
initWithSelector
(
this
, selector, target, interval, repeat, delay);
ccArrayAppendObject
(element->
timers
, timer);
timer->
release
();//因为添加到数组的操作有retain(),所以应该release一次
}
void
Scheduler
::schedule(
SEL_SCHEDULE
selector,
Ref
*target,
float
interval,
bool
paused)
{
this
->
schedule
(selector, target, interval,
CC_REPEAT_FOREVER
,
0.0f
, paused);
}
void
Scheduler
::schedule(
const
ccSchedulerFunc
& callback,
void
*target,
float
interval,
unsigned
int
repeat,
float
delay,
bool
paused,
const
std
::
string
& key)
{
if (timer && key == timer->getKey
())
{
CCLOG
(
"CCScheduler#scheduleSelector. Selector already scheduled. Updating interval from: %.4f to %.4f"
, timer->
getInterval
(), interval);
timer->
setInterval
(interval);
return
;
}
}
void
Scheduler
::schedule(
const
ccSchedulerFunc
& callback,
void
*target,
float
interval,
bool
paused,
const
std
::
string
& key)
{
this
->
schedule
(callback, target, interval,
CC_REPEAT_FOREVER
,
0.0f
, paused, key);
}
Tips:任意参数的注册方法和定义中都比Ref类的多了一个Key,这是因为SEL_SCHEDULE可以当成key,ccSchedulerFunc不能,因为前者有唯一的标识(查看指向类中方法的函数指针)
取消注册的方法也很简单
3.
Scheduler::update()
// main loop
void
Scheduler
::update(
float
dt)
{
_updateHashLocked
=
true
;//状态锁
if
(
_timeScale
!=
1.0f
)//时间线
{
dt *=
_timeScale
;
}
//
// Selector callbacks
//
//处理按帧调度
// Iterate over all the Updates’ selectors
tListEntry *entry, *tmp;//定义两个指针用于链表遍历
//依次遍历三个双向链表,对活动有效的定时器进行回调
// updates with priority < 0
DL_FOREACH_SAFE
(
_updatesNegList
, entry, tmp)
{
if
((! entry->
paused
) && (! entry->
markedForDeletion
))
{
entry->
callback
(
dt
);
}
}
// updates with priority == 0
DL_FOREACH_SAFE
(
_updates0List
, entry, tmp)
{
if
((! entry->
paused
) && (! entry->
markedForDeletion
))
{
entry->
callback
(
dt
);
}
}
// updates with priority > 0
DL_FOREACH_SAFE
(
_updatesPosList
, entry, tmp)
{
if
((! entry->
paused
) && (! entry->
markedForDeletion
))
{
entry->
callback
(
dt
);
}
}
//处理按时间间隔调度
// Iterate over all the custom selectors
for (tHashTimerEntry *elt = _hashForTimers; elt != nullptr; )
//遍历
_hashForTimers
中的对象
{
_currentTarget = elt; //主循环中用来标记当前执行到哪个target对象
_currentTargetSalvaged
=
false
;//标记
_currentTarget
是否需要进行清除
if
(!
_currentTarget
->
paused
)
{
// The 'timers' array may change while inside this loop
//遍历timers数组
for
(elt->
timerIndex
=
0
; elt->
timerIndex
< elt->
timers
->
num
; ++(elt->
timerIndex
))
{
elt->
currentTimer
= (
Timer
*)(elt->
timers
->
arr
[elt->
timerIndex
]);
elt->
currentTimerSalvaged
=
false
;
elt->
currentTimer
->
update
(dt);//调用Timer::update()
if
(elt->
currentTimerSalvaged
)
{
// The currentTimer told the remove itself. To prevent the timer from
// accidentally deallocating itself before finishing its step, we retained
// it. Now that step is done, it's safe to release it.
// currentTimerSalvaged的作用是标记当前这个定时器是否已经失效,在设置失效的时候我们对定时器增加过一次引用记数,这里调用release来减少那次引用记数,这样释放很安全,这里用到了这个小技巧,延迟释放,这样后面的程序不会出现非法引用定时器指针而出现错误
elt->
currentTimer
->
release
();
}
elt->
currentTimer
=
nullptr
;
}
}
// elt, at this moment, is still valid
// so it is safe to ask this here (issue #490)
//下面可能会清理当前对象,所以趁还存活时找到链表的下一指针
elt = (
tHashTimerEntry
*)elt->
hh
.
next
;
// only delete currentTarget if no actions were scheduled during the cycle (issue #481)
if
(
_currentTargetSalvaged
&&
_currentTarget
->
timers
->
num
==
0
)
{
removeHashElement
(
_currentTarget
);
}
}
// delete all updates that are marked for deletion下面三个也是清理工作
// updates with priority < 0
DL_FOREACH_SAFE
(
_updatesNegList
, entry, tmp)
{
if
(entry->
markedForDeletion
)
{
this
->
removeUpdateFromHash
(entry);
}
}
// updates with priority == 0
DL_FOREACH_SAFE
(
_updates0List
, entry, tmp)
{
if
(entry->
markedForDeletion
)
{
this
->
removeUpdateFromHash
(entry);
}
}
// updates with priority > 0
DL_FOREACH_SAFE
(
_updatesPosList
, entry, tmp)
{
if
(entry->
markedForDeletion
)
{
this
->
removeUpdateFromHash
(entry);
}
}
_updateHashLocked
=
false
;
_currentTarget
=
nullptr
;
#if CC_ENABLE_SCRIPT_BINDING
//
// Script callbacks
//
// Iterate over all the script callbacks
if
(!
_scriptHandlerEntries
.
empty
())
{
for
(
auto
i =
_scriptHandlerEntries
.
size
() -
1
; i >=
0
; i--)
{
SchedulerScriptHandlerEntry
* eachEntry =
_scriptHandlerEntries
.
at
(i);
if
(eachEntry->
isMarkedForDeletion
())
{
_scriptHandlerEntries
.
erase
(i);
}
else
if
(!eachEntry->
isPaused
())
{
eachEntry->
getTimer
()->
update
(dt);
}
}
}
#endif
//
// Functions allocated from another thread
//
//多线程处理函数的定时任务
// Testing size is faster than locking / unlocking.
// And almost never there will be functions scheduled to be called.
if
( !
_functionsToPerform
.
empty
() ) {
_performMutex
.
lock
();
// fixed #4123: Save the callback functions, they must be invoked after '_performMutex.unlock()', otherwise if new functions are added in callback, it will cause thread deadlock.
auto
temp =
_functionsToPerform
;
_functionsToPerform
.
clear
();
_performMutex
.
unlock
();
for
(
const
auto
&function : temp ) {
function();
}
}
}