TreeSet:可以对Set集合中的元素进行排序。
例:存放自定义对象
import java.util.*;
/*
需求:往TreeSet集合中存储自定义对象--学生
想按照学生的年龄进行排序
*/
class Student{
private String name;
private int age;
Student(String name,int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getAge(){
return age;
}
}
class TreeSetDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
TreeSet ts = new TreeSet();
ts.add(new Student("lisi02",22));
ts.add(new Student("lisi007",20));
ts.add(new Student("lisi09",19));
ts.add(new Student("lisi01",40));
Iterator it = ts.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Student stu = (Student)it.next();
sop(stu.getName()+"::"+stu.getAge());
}
}
public static void sop(Object obj){
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
这是因为TreeSet会自动排序,然而我们存放的自定义对象没有比较性,所以报错。
解决方法:让Student类实现Comparable接口,强制让学生具备比较性
import java.util.*;
/*
需求:往TreeSet集合中存储自定义对象--学生
想按照学生的年龄进行排序
*/
class Student implements Comparable{
private String name;
private int age;
Student(String name,int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public int compareTo(Object obj){
if(!(obj instanceof Student))
throw new RuntimeException("不是学生对象");
Student s = (Student)obj;
return this.age-s.age;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getAge(){
return age;
}
}
class TreeSetDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
TreeSet ts = new TreeSet();
ts.add(new Student("lisi02",22));
ts.add(new Student("lisi007",20));
ts.add(new Student("lisi09",19));
ts.add(new Student("lisi01",40));
Iterator it = ts.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Student stu = (Student)it.next();
sop(stu.getName()+"::"+stu.getAge());
}
}
public static void sop(Object obj){
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
如果年龄相同,姓名不同,会出现什么情况呢?
import java.util.*;
/*
需求:往TreeSet集合中存储自定义对象--学生
想按照学生的年龄进行排序
*/
class Student implements Comparable{
private String name;
private int age;
Student(String name,int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public int compareTo(Object obj){
if(!(obj instanceof Student))
throw new RuntimeException("不是学生对象");
Student s = (Student)obj;
return this.age-s.age;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getAge(){
return age;
}
}
class TreeSetDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
TreeSet ts = new TreeSet();
ts.add(new Student("lisi02",22));
ts.add(new Student("lisi007",20));
ts.add(new Student("lisi09",19));
ts.add(new Student("lisi01",40));
ts.add(new Student("lisi08",40));
Iterator it = ts.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Student stu = (Student)it.next();
sop(stu.getName()+"::"+stu.getAge());
}
}
public static void sop(Object obj){
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
发现新元素没有存进来,这是因为根据比较规则,相同年龄即代表同一元素,根据不可重复性,该元素没有存进来。怎么解决?如下:
import java.util.*;
/*
需求:往TreeSet集合中存储自定义对象--学生
想按照学生的年龄进行排序
*/
class Student implements Comparable{
private String name;
private int age;
Student(String name,int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public int compareTo(Object obj){
if(!(obj instanceof Student))
throw new RuntimeException("不是学生对象");
Student s = (Student)obj;
if(this.age>s.age)
return 1;
if(this.age==s.age){
return this.name.compareTo(s.name);
}
return -1;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getAge(){
return age;
}
}
class TreeSetDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
TreeSet ts = new TreeSet();
ts.add(new Student("lisi02",22));
ts.add(new Student("lisi007",20));
ts.add(new Student("lisi09",19));
ts.add(new Student("lisi01",40));
ts.add(new Student("lisi08",40));
Iterator it = ts.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Student stu = (Student)it.next();
sop(stu.getName()+"::"+stu.getAge());
}
}
public static void sop(Object obj){
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
总结:排序时,当主要条件相同时,一定要判断次要条件
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TreeSet底层的数据结构为二叉树。保证元素唯一性的依据:compareTo方法return 0.
TreeSet排序的第一种方式:让元素自身具备比较性,元素需要实现Comparable接口,覆盖compareTo方法,这种方式也称为元素的自然顺序,或者叫做默认顺序
TreeSet集合的第二种排序方式:当元素自身不具备比较性时,或者具备的比较性不是所需要的,这时就需要让集合自身具备比较性。在集合初始化时,就有了比较方式
import java.util.*;
/*
当元素自身不具备比较性,或者具备的比较性不是所需要的
这时需要让容器自身具备比较性。
定义了比较器,将比较器对象作为参数传递给TreeSet集合的构造函数
当两种排序都存在时,以比较器为主
定义一个类,实现Comparator接口,覆盖compare方法(注意:comparable里面才是compareTo方法)
*/
class Student implements Comparable{
private String name;
private int age;
Student(String name,int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public int compareTo(Object obj){
if(!(obj instanceof Student))
throw new RuntimeException("不是学生对象");
Student s = (Student)obj;
if(this.age>s.age)
return 1;
if(this.age==s.age){
return this.name.compareTo(s.name);
}
return -1;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public int getAge(){
return age;
}
}
class TreeSetDemo2{
public static void main(String[] args){
TreeSet ts = new TreeSet();
ts.add(new Student("lisi02",22));
ts.add(new Student("lisi007",20));
ts.add(new Student("lisi007",21));
ts.add(new Student("lisi09",19));
ts.add(new Student("lisi01",40));
ts.add(new Student("lisi08",40));
Iterator it = ts.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
Student stu = (Student)it.next();
sop(stu.getName()+"::"+stu.getAge());
}
}
public static void sop(Object obj){
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
class MyCompare implements Comparator{
public int compare(Object o1,Object o2){
Student s1 = (Student)o1;
Student s2 = (Student)o2;
int num = s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
if(num==0){
if(s1.getAge()>s2.getAge())
return 1;
if(s1.getAge()==s2.getAge())
return 0;
return -1;//更简单的写法:return new Integer(s1.getAge()).compareTo(new Integer(s2.getAge()));
}
return num;
}
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
TreeSet练习:按照字符串长度排序
一开始的代码如下:
/*
字符串本身具备比较性,但是它的比较方式不是所需要的,这时就只能使用比较器
*/
import java.util.*;
class TreeSetTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
TreeSet ts =new TreeSet();
ts.add("abcd");
ts.add("cc");
ts.add("cba");
ts.add("z");
ts.add("hahaha");
Iterator it = ts.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
sop(it.next());
}
}
public static void sop(Object obj){
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
结果为
显然不是我们想要的。
/*
字符串本身具备比较性,但是它的比较方式不是所需要的,这时就只能使用比较器
*/
import java.util.*;
class TreeSetTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
TreeSet ts =new TreeSet(new StringLengthComparator());
ts.add("abcd");
ts.add("cc");
ts.add("cba");
ts.add("z");
ts.add("hahaha");
Iterator it = ts.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()){
sop(it.next());
}
}
public static void sop(Object obj){
System.out.println(obj);
}
}
class StringLengthComparator implements Comparator{
public int compare(Object o1,Object o2){
String s1 = (String)o1;
String s2 = (String)o2;
return s1.length()-s2.length();
}
}
可以优化的地方:当出现相同长度,不同内容的字符串时,会因为长度相同而被视为相同元素,不被存储进来,所以在实现比较器接口的类中应该判断当长度相同时,比较字符串内容。即:
class StringLengthComparator implements Comparator{
public int compare(Object o1,Object o2){
String s1 = (String)o1;
String s2 = (String)o2;
//return s1.length()-s2.length();
int num = new Integer(s1.length()).compareTo(new Integer(s2.length()));
if(num==0)
return s1.compareTo(s2);
return num;
}
}